Nebkas are generally appearing in regions that amount of sand is average and sufficient moisture was existed for life of vegetation. Overall, Nebka is self organization reaction of ecosystem against windy erosion stress. In the other word, environmental system is trying to adjust the pressure of windy erosion by the creation of this feature. A wide variety of Nebka landscape is observed in green border of the Sirjan Playa. The aim of this study is comparative grouping of Nebkas in the eastern north of Sirjan Playa, and introduction of the most appropriate type for quicksand stabilization, using analysis of Nebka morphometric parameters, via TOPSIS algorithm. This algorithm is one of the methods of multiple criteria decision making, that it combines the quantitative and qualitative indicators and weights according to importance of each criterion, can help decision makers to choose the best alternative. For this achievement, first, the most important morphometric parameters of 392 Nebkas from Tamarix Macatensis, Seidlitzia Florida, Alhagi Mannifera and Reaumuria Turcestanica type were measured by linear sampling in field. Then, the studied Nebkas were prioritized using comparative evaluation by TOPSIS algorithm. The results show that Tamarix Macatensis Nebka, with weight of 0.818, has the highest of effect in stabilization of quicksand. Seidlitzia Florida Nebka, with weight of 0.151, has less important than Tamarix Macatensis Nebka and higher priority than Alhagi Mannifera and Reaumuria Turcestanica Nebkas. In front, Reaumuria Turcestanica and Alhagi Mannifera Nebkas, with weights of 0.028 and 0.002, have the lowest of efficiency respectively. Therefore, for implementation of stabilization projects of mobile sands in study area, firstly, development of Tamarix Macatensis Nebka system and in the second stage, development of Seidlitzia Florida Nebka system have the highest of importance and efficiency. The results of this study will be beneficial in systemic management of desert regions and stabilization projects of quicksand.

Geomorphotourism is one of the tourism branches base on nature which have high potentials for tourism planning by combining ecological, historical and cultural inheritances. In the other words, geomorphotourism introducing the geomorphological landforms to tourists by keeping the local identity. In this relation, this research tries to study the tourism capabilities of Sirjan geotops using Fassoulas and Comanescu models. The used values in Fassoulas model consist of scientific, ecological and protective, cultural, aesthetics, economical and utilization potential values and in Comanescu model consist of management, yield economic, cultural, aesthetics and scientific values, that each of these values have some sub-standard that have been determined from 1 to 10 for Fassoulas model and 20 for Comanescu model by standard score system. The results of this research indicate that geotop of Sirjan salt desert with 18.8 score in Fassoulas model and 0.78 in Comanescu model have the maximum score for tourism development. Also, according to results, the troglodytic geotop with 12.2 score in Fassoulas model and 0.34 in Comanescu model, have the minimum score among studied geotops. According to research results, the maximum score of Sirjan desert geotop relate to scientific value and aesthetic and suitable access this salt desert.

Little research has been carried out to characterize Iranian desert solis from highway Engineering point of view sofar. In such areas conventional paving materials are sometimes difficult and costly to provide. The research presented herein include studying the geotechnical properties of four soils sampled from eastern fringes of Kavir-e Namak, and determining their suitability as paving materials once stabilized with lime and cement. Selection and sampling of soils were accomplished so that they represent the general characteristics of soils in the area. Standard techniques were used to determine the physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of soils. The influence of lime-cement content and curing period on the properties of lime-cement-soil mixtures were investigated. The results show that loess soils are amenable to stabilization with lime and cement while sandy soils are amenable to stabilization with cement, and both might be used as paving materials. But, saline soils containing high proportions of salts do not respond to stabilization.

Based on the Regression analysis results, the best factors which justifies the Nebkha volume are canopy cover and the plant height together with determinant coefficient 86% (formula 1).the canopy of the plant cover lonely with determinant coefficient 85% (formula 2) and the plant height with determinant factor 67% ( formula 3) are placed at the next stage from the view point of justifying Nebkha volume So reaumuria turcestanica with having canopy cover and moderate compaction is capable of producing new shoots to replace those buried by on blowing sand. In this way plant growth copes with the sand accumulation and establish nebkha mound. The witness of this pretension is strong relationship between canopy cover plant heights with nebkha morphometry characteristics.Formula (1): V= 262.983L+76.347H-11085.474Formula (2): V= 299.435-11141.297Formula (3): V= 488.520H-5054.452V: Nebkha volume (cm3)L: canopy cover (cm)H: plant height (cm).

Maharloo Lake is one of the most important water ecosystems in Iran, which is nowadays exposed to multiple risks and threats due to poor water management, salt extraction, and heavy metal pollution. In this study, the concentrations of such heavy metals as chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead in both water and salt samples collected from areas in the north and south of the lake were determined by atomic absorption (AA-670G) after the samples had been digested. Results showed that metal concentrations in the salt samples taken from both the northern and southern areas had identical mean values in the order of Cr> Cu> As> Cd> Pb. An almost similar pattern was detected in metal concentrations in water samples taken from the same areas but with a slight difference in the way they were ordered (Cr> Cu> As> Pb> Cd). It was found that both water and salt samples collected from the northern areas had higher metal concentrations, except for that of Pb which was slightly lower. Comparison of the mean values of metal concentrations in the Salt Lake and those of Sirjan, Lar, and Firoozabad salt mines revealed that copper, cadmium, and lead had their highest concentrations in the Salt Lake while arsenic and chromium recorded their highest values in samples taken from Lar and Firoozabad salt mines, respectively. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the increased metal concentrations observed in samples from both northern and southern areas of the lake are due to the sewage and effluents from urban, industrial, and hospital sources in Shiraz disposed into the lake as well as such other human activities as farming in the areas around the lake, especially in the northern stretches. These observations call for preventive measures to avoid further water quality degradation in the area.

The study was conducted to determine the incidence of fresh cheese contamination with Brucella organism. 683 cheese samples were collected from Sirjan, Shahrbabak and its rural area for a period of 18 months. 48 Samples of 683 were positive for Brucella and species of Brucella determined by biochemichal procedure as follow: Brucella melitensis 4.4% (16 samples), Brucella abortus 2.6% (16 samples), 9.3% of 353 samples were positive in shahrbabak and is rural area (4.5% Brucella melitensis and 4.8% Brucella abortus). 4.8% of 330 samples were positive in Sirjan and its rural area (4.5% Brucella melitensis and 0.3% Brucella abortus). The high incidence of brucella infectious in Shahrbabak city (9.3%) and sirjan city (4.8%), indicates that, the various dairy products of milk is not sanitable and certain standard medical health value of Iran dose not regard.

Diversity of vegetation and its coexistence with geomorphologic processes have an important impact on the balance of natural landscapes. This research tried to quantitatively measure and compare the differences between the slope of nebkas and the angle of repose in the Ebrahimabad desert of Sirjan. For this purpose, first, the angle of repose in the area was determined. Then, sample nebkas were selected along 10 transects that covered the entire region and the slope of nebka was measured by inclinometer in the four directions of north, south, east and west. Then the average slope of the nebka domain was calculated. Finally, the relationship between the angle of repose and slope of nebka dune was evaluated and analyzed using statistical models. The variance analysis results showed significant differences between the equilibrium slope factors of various nebkas. Test results of the test of comparison averages based on the equilibrium slope factor of nebka and repose slope of sediment separated the region into two distinct groups. In the probability level error of less than one percent (α <0. 01), the first group includes nebkas, Tamarix Mascatensis, Reaumaria Turcestanica and Seidlitzia Florida, and the second group includes Alhagi Manifera species and repose slope of sediment. The grouping results according to equilibrium slope indicate different function of Alhagi Manifera species than other species. The results showed that the vegetative form of plant plays an important role in creating relief landscape of nebka.