A new water-soluble polysaccharide with molecular weight of 35. 2 KDa and a specific optical rotation of +178. 5° was extract by hot water (80° C) from the roots of Acanthophyllum glandulosum. The polysaccharide purified through DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50 columns and the main fraction was collected and freeze-dried. Total yields of purified polysaccharide were 3. 4% and %2. 3 respectively. The purified polysaccharide had no absorption at 280 nm (Detected by UV spectrum), indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. Total carbohydrate content of purified polysaccharide was 98. 2%. Monosaccharide analysis by GC revealed that polysaccharide was composed of Glucose, Galactose, Arabinose and Mannose with a relative molar ratio of 2. 9: 6. 1: 0. 9: 1. 0 respectively. Its structural features were elucidated by a combination of chemical and analytical methods such as Methylation, Periodate Oxidation and Smith degradation, Partial acid hydrolysis, FT-IR and 13C and 1H NMR Spectroscopy. The data obtained indicate that purified polysaccharide possessed a backbone of α-(1→ 6)-linked Galactose with branched attached to O-2 by α-1→ linked Mannose and at O-3 by α-(1→ 3)-linked Glucose and α-(1→ 3)-linked Arabinose.

Iran is one of the major producers of cashmere fibre in the world. Considerable amount of cashmere fibre is lost as a result of seasonal shedding. Cashmere and hair of the Iranian Raeini cashmere goat grows in a distinctly seasonal pattern. Zare et al. 1999 in a study using thirthy four female and male Raeini goats of 1 to 4 years old kept in a breeding station in Kerman province indicated that 30 percent of secondary follicles stopped producing fibre during mid-winter. However the extent of fibre loss in commercial Cashmere producing flocks in not known. The present experiment was conducted to determine the extent of Cashmere shedding and some fibre and follicle characteristics of Raeini goats run in four different commercial flocks in Kerman province, south of Iran (29017' S). All goats were grazed on pastures throughout the year and were supplemented with hay and barley during the winter. Follicle activity and fibre characteristics of ninety six male and female goats of one to four years old (12 goats in each group) were measured. At the peak of fibre shedding season in mid-winter, skin samples were taken from the right midside region of each goat using a 1 cm diameter trephine. The samples were placed in individual cassettes and dehydrated through a series of graded ethanols and cleared in histoclear using a tissue processor. Processed skin samples were blocked in paraffin and sectioned transverse to the follicles at 8mm using a base sledge microtome. To determine the SIP ratio, 400 follicles from at least 1015 randomly selected follicle groups were counted. The percentage of active and inactive follicles was determined from the cross section of skin samples as described by Nixon (1993).To measure fibre diameter, about 15 of wool was take from the midside region of each goat and washed. The mean fibre diameter of the washed samples was measured using microprojectina. Analysis of variance was performed using the SAS computer package and the means and standard errors of the means were generated with this program. Duncan's new multiple range test was then used to compare the characteristics between groups. The average percentage of inactive secondary follicles of 1 to 4 years old male and female goats was respectively 23.44±3.50, 26.22±2.90, 24.22±3.30, 25.34±4.41, 27.35±3.65, 24.12±2.80, 26.14±3.28 and 25.61±3.43. The SIP ratio of 1 to 4 years old male and female goats was respectively 14.12±1.40, 12.45±1.70, 13.95±2.03, 12.83±1.51, 12.52±1.72, 11.98±2.1 0, 12.64±1.40 and 13.43±1.56. There were no significant difference in the average percentage of inactive follicles and SIP ratio of groups. However significant difference was found in the average fibre diameter of groups. One year old male and female goats had the lowest fibre diameter. The average fibre diameter of 1 to 4 years old male and female goats was respectively 20.85±1.21.22±1.70, 21.30±2.41, 21.45±2.12, 20.95±1.30, 21.42±1.90, 21.35±2.43 and 21.80±2.51 mm.

Introduction Each educational program needs to be modified and evaluated over time. Considering the importance of training and the necessity of using effective and multi-dimensional evaluation methods، the aim of this study was to evaluate of health education volunteering program based on "Kirkpatrick Model". Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the second half of 2016 on 30 health volunteers at one of Shiraz's comprehensive health centers، which participated in the training program related to the Antibiotic Resistance Book. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. The first part of the demographic characteristics of the samples and the second part of the “ Knowledge، Attitude and Practice about Antibiotics Resistance Questionnaire” designed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The questionnaire was first completed as a pretest by the volunteers، then، during three sessions، the educational materials were presented to the volunteers using lectures، with questions and answers and discussions in small groups. Finally، the entire curriculum was evaluated using the "Kirkpatrick's Model". Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results At the level of a “ Kirkpatrick Model "، the majority of volunteers were satisfied with the company at this time (56. 8%). At the second level، the knowledge of volunteers increased significantly and the average score of knowledge (3. 9 ± 1. 02 to +6. 6 ± 0. 5) increased (P < 1. 000)، which indicated the effectiveness of the evaluation based on the "Kirkpatrick Model". Conclusions The volunteers were satisfied with the various aspects of the implementation of the program and the training they received، and their knowledge was increased. Therefore، "Kirkpatrick Model” for evaluating educational programs، is suggested.

In this paper, we define the concept of compatible and weakly compatible mappings in b-metric spaces and inspired by the Ciric and et. al method, we produce appropriate conditions for given the unique common fixed point for a family of the even number of self-maps with together another two self-maps in a complete b-metric spaces. Also, we generalize this common fixed point theorem for a sequence with together an even numbers of self-maps in complete b-metric spaces.