Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of surgical-site infections and healthcare-associated infections in the bloodstream, and urinary tract. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have shown, to possess antibacterial features. The nanoparticles' status as emerging therapeutic elements has motivated investigators to assess the effects of iron nanoparticles on the expression of TEM type beta-lactamase genes in P. aeruginosa. In this descriptive-analytic study, 60 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from burn wounds and respiratory excretions of Pasargad Research Laboratory of Tehran, Iran. All isolates were characterized using differential biochemical tests and confirmed samples as P. aeruginosa. Their genomic DNA was extracted and PCR reaction was performed to screen TEM-gene carrying isolates. Then MIC of IONPs against these strains was determined and finally, Real-time PCR performed to the determination of the expression of the TEM gene. Results showed that 8 isolates (13/33%) had the TEM beta-lactamase gene. The MIC and MBC of IONPs against P. aeruginosa strains were observed at 256 µ g/mL or 125 µ g/mL, while the MBC was determined at 500 µ g/mL. In addition, statistical analysis of Real-time PCR data showed that there is a statistically significant difference between gene expression levels of IONPs treated isolates and non-treated ones. The results showed that TEM gene expression levels in two isolates treated with IONPs were 78% and 75% lower than untreated bacteria (P<0. 001; r= 0. 958). Our findings confirmed that IONPs are potential antibacterial agents and can be considered as promising treatments for recalcitrant P. aeruginosa infections.

Background and Objective: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one the most prevalent bacterial infections and Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of UTI. However, the incidence of community acquired UTI caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of blaTEM gene in E. coli isolated from UTI of outpatients in Kermanshah.Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty E. coli strains were isolated from the midstream urinary samples of outpatients. The susceptibility of isolates to selected antibiotics was tested using disc diffusion method followed by confirmation for the ESBL producing strains using combined disc method. Finally, the blaTEM gene was determined among the ESBL producer isolates using PCR.Results: Of 140 isolates, 34 (24.28%) were positive ESBL and PCR determined that 18 (53%) of ESBL producing isolates contained blaTEM gene. When testing their susceptibility to antibiotics, 81.43% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin while all isolates were sensitive to imipenem.Conclusion: The production of ESBL by pathogenic bacteria, in particular in outpatients, is a serious concern for the use of various beta-lactam antibiotics including the third generation of cephalosporins. Due to the presence of blaTEM gene in the high proportion of the isolates, more molecular and epidemiological studies on pathogenic gram-negative bacteria are recommended.

The microbial quality of drinking water is fundamental and has serious importance for public health. Regarding to the clinical significance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was surveyed to evaluate the degree of the contamination of drinking water and the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Isolation of the TEM-1 gene in ESBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the pattern of antibiotic resistance provide useful information about this opportunistic pathogen. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas species distributed in drinking water were investigated. 300 samples of drinking water were examined. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility of strains to four antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method. The ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa containing TEM-1 gene were detected by PCR using TEM-1 specific primers, 17 samples (5.67%) in drinking water showed P. aeruginosa contamination. The highest resistance to imipenem/relabactam (11.76%) and ceftazidime/avibactam antibiotics (100%) was observed in drinking water. According to PCR results of 17 positive phenotype strains, 16 isolates (94.11%) carried TEM-1 gene. Results indicated the contamination of drinking water with P. aeruginosa. Most isolated strains are resistant to antibiotics and TEM-1 gene is more abundant among ESBL-producing strains. The results indicate that TEM-1 gene plays an important role in antibiotic resistance in isolated strains.

TEM beta lactamase gene is one of the important plasmid genes in Enterobacteriaceae which is the cause of over 90% of Escherichia coli isolates resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and TEM gene. 266 clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from laboratories in Bonab County. Phenotypic screening and confirmation tests for extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) were carried out using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method. All of the ESBL producing isolates were tested by PCR using specific primers. Our results showed that, the maximum resistance was seen for ampicillin (67. 3 %) and the maximum sensitivity was seen for imipenem (92. 5%). In this study 45 % isolates were multidrug resistance, which showed at least resistance for three antibiotics. Out of 154 isolates, 58 (37. 7%) cases were ESBL producers which 65. 51% of isolates contained TEM gene. This study showed that, TEM gene encodes over 50% of ESBLs in E. coli. Therefore, we recommend detection of this gene as a routine bacteriologic procedure in management of the nosocomial infections caused by enteric bacteria.

Background & objectives: Resistant microbial strains are a serious threat to public health in different societies. Among the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing strains the Enterobacteriaceae family which is considered as the main factors producing urinary tract infections, have created many problems in treatment of this kind of infections. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of β-lactamase TEM-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples in Ardabil city.Methods: Within 6 months, 400 urinary isolates of Enterobacteriaceae of inpatients and outpatients were collected in Ardabil hospitals and were identified by standard methods.Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method, and ESBL producer confirmatory test was conducted using combined disk. Finally, the frequency of β-lactamase TEM-1 gene in producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases strains was investigated using PCR.Results: From 400 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 150 cases (37.5%) were ESBL producing.PCR results showed presence of the TEM-1 gene in 69 cases (46%). The frequency of this gene in isolates ofEnterobacter (Aerogenes, Cloacae), Klebsiella (Pneumoniae, Oxytoca) and E. coliwas obtained to be 62.5%, 54.5% and 44.8%, respectively. Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescensstrains were lacking these genotypes.Conclusion: As regards the presence of TEM-1 gene, there is also increasing in other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family includingKlebsiella and Enterobacter in addition toE. coli, therefore sufficient identification of this strains is necessary to prescribe the right medicine.

Introduction & Objective: TEM-1 beta lactamase gene is one of the important plasmidic genes in Enterobacteriaceae which is the cause of over 90% of Escherichia coli isolates resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. In this study, the frequency of TEM-1 gene in nosocomial strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter was investigated using PCR.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive -analytical study, 83 ESBLs producing enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter strains) isolated from hospital clinical samples were studied for the presence of TEM-1 gene using TEM-1 beta lactamase specific primers (Gene-Fanavaran, Iran) using PCR. The detection of 1079 bp bands in poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis was considered 'as presence of TEM-1 gepe in bacterial isolates. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: TEM-1 gene was detected in 54.2% (45) of isolated bacteria. The frequency of TEM- 1 gene in different isolates was not significant. TEM-1 gene was detected in 62.5 % Of Enterobacter, 58.3% of K.pneumoniae and 48.7% of E.coli isolates.Conclusion: This study showed that, TEM-1 gene encodes over 50% of ESBLs in. enteric bacteria. Therefore, we recommend detection of this gene as a routine bacteriologic procedure in management of the nosocomial infections caused by enteric bacteria.

Aim and Background: Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases whichmany factors are involved, but bacteria such as E. coli is the most important agent of urinary tract infections. Antibiotic resistance as a major problem in the treatment and control of these infections is considered. The aim of this study was to determine the genes that cause resistance to betalactam family of antibiotics on E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Robat karim city. Material & Methods: In the present Cross-sectional study which was conducted over a period of 6 months, 123 samples of E. coli were collected from Robat karim hospitals for molecular analysis of TEM genes, causing antibiotic resistance by (PCR) method. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical test. Results: PCR showed that the gene frequency of TEM (80%) and the highest and lowest prevalent of genes were related toTEM in E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections respectively. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the current study showed that the noted geneTEM play an important role in facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in this region.