Objective: Resistance exercises improve muscle strength and joint’s physical status. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of progressive resistive exercise on joint’s physical characteristics and quality of life in hemarthrosis joint in severe haemophilic A patients.Methods: Twenty-four severe haemophilia A patients (18-35 years old) with knee hemarthrosis, were assigned randomly to a resistance training (n=15) and control (n=12) groups. Resistance training group was required to perform six weeks trunk and lower limb exercises with low load and high repetition (40 min per session, three days per week). The control group was requested not to change their physical activity routines. Knee joint physical characteristics including joint range of motion (ROM), contracture, and crepitus were measured through Modified Colorado questionnaire and quality of life were investigated through SF-36 questionnaire before and after six weeks of training protocol.Results: six weeks resistance training significantly improved extension ROM (P=0.00), flexion contracture (P=0.02) and crepitus (P=0.03) in hemarthrosis knee joint compared to the control group. Quality of life also was significantly improved in the resistance training group compared to both the control group and baseline values (P=0.00).Conclusion: Resistance training with low intensity and high repetition, can improve ROM, muscle strength, pain, and crepitus in hemarthrosis knee joint. This may be effective to improve the quality of life in hemarthrosis especially in patient with severe haemophilia A, in whom rebleeding is unavoidable.

Background and objectives: One of the major problems in the pulp and paper industry is the presence of activated sludge. The Mazandaran Wood and Paper industries factory about 14 tones of activated sludge daily, which results in high environmental pollution. Therefore, the necessity of using this material in different paper industries is very important. Chemical treatment with furfural is one of the methods for removal of environmental pollution and heavy metals. This study aimed to scrutinize chemical treatment of activated sludge with furfural of 3% and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled paper pulp. Materials and methods: Initiallyfor the preparation of test specimens, the activated sludge were mixed and refined with waste newsprint paper pulp at ratios of 0, 10, 15 and 20%. The activated sludge was treated in a beaker for 30 min in 3% furfural and then in a water bath at 100 ° C for 90 min. After that, the treated activated sludge was mixed and refined with waste newsprint paper pulp at ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. And again, the samples with the above ratios were prepared with newsprint paper pulp according to TAPPI standard. Finally, water absorption and their mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, tear, RCT, burst and folding strength were measured. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that activated sludge had a significant effect on the mechanical strength and water absorption of specimens. Significant differences in tear strength and water absorption were observed between the treated and untreated samples. The results showed that by increasing the untreated activated sludge in the samples the mechanical properties decreased and the water absorption increased. Chemical treatment with furfural activated sludge showed an increase in the mechanical properties and a decrease in the amount of water absorption. FT-IR spectrum results of the treated samples showed that treatment with furfural to strengthen and activate the functional groups on the surface of activated sludge fibers. Degradable of furfural treated samples was also lower than samples that of untreated activated sludge and samples made of waste newsprint paper pulp so that the treated samples had 26% degradation over 120 days. Samples from waste newsprint paper pulp and untreated sludge samples showed a 83% and 75% weight loss over 120 days, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, mixing ratio of 5% of furfural treated sludge was better in terms of strength and water absorption properties. Use of activated sludge at higher ratio for the product made is not recommended due to reduced mechanical strength and increased water absorption.

In this research the effect of additive of Chlorophytum comosum (C. comosum) plant extract on physicochemical, structural properties and shear strength of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin was investigated. C. comosum leaf extraction was performed according to the method of Bondareva et al. (2017) and was added to UF adhesive at two levels of 5 and 10%. The properties of adhesive such as solid content, gelation time, pH, density and free formaldehyde were measured before and after adding the extract. To identify the possible chemical structures of the reaction between the components of the adhesive and the extract and to investigate the reactions' bonds and intensity, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI ToF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively, were performed. The shear strength test of the plywood was used according to EN 314-2. Based on the results of physicochemical properties, the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds between the active functional groups of the adhesive and the extract led to an increase in intermolecular forces and an increase in the cohesive strength of the adhesive, thereupon the amount of free formaldehyde in the adhesive decreased by 16.67% with the highest amount of extract. The possible chemical structures of the reaction of some active functional groups of the extract with UF adhesive were confirmed by MALDI TOF mass spectrum. The addition of C. comosum extract weakened the absorption intensity of UF adhesive' peaks, which indicates that the extract of active groups reduced the formation of chemical bonds, including methylene and ether bonds in the adhesive. The significant improvement in shear strength of plywood obtained from adhesives containing the extract can be attributed to the quality of cross joints and increase of adhesive density so that the highest shear strength of plywood was 2.07 MPa with adding 10% of the extract.

Surface sizing of paper by anionic starch was carried out to study its concentration effect on physical and strength properties of recycled paper. For this, hand sheets (100 GSM) of mixed recycled pulp containing 1% cationic starch were prepared and treated by the sizing agent on the sheet surface at various concentrations (0, 3-10%). Application and concentration increment of the starch solution resulted in a higher retention on the surface and lesser penetration into the paper structure (Z direction), contributing to a better hydrophobicity of sized paper and a significant reduction in water absorption of the paper; with the highest reduction in the Cobb test up to the solution concentration of 5%. Also, the results revealed that strength properties of bending stiffness, burst and tensile indices increased due to the anionic starch treatment, its consequent absorption and penetration into the paper thickness. The improvement rate was more predominant using up to the 5% concentration. Penetration of a part of sizing agent into the porous structure of paper and resulted improvement in fiber bonding are possible and probable. However, higher concentration and viscosity of the starch solution contributed to the lesser penetration and bonding formation with higher retention on the paper surface which resulted in continuous improvement in paper smoothness. With the sizing solution thickening, tear index decreased due to starch film formation on the paper surface with brittle character. In general, increasing of the anionic starch solution up to the 5% could be reported as an optimum level.

Mixed office waste deinking by conventional chemical process, other than having higher chemical consumption and considerable emission of environmental pollutions, has relatively lower deinking efficiency. On the other hand, enzymatic deinking increases deinking efficiency even at reduced environmental pollutions, but it may reduce the strength properties of deinked pulp. At present paper, the physical and strength properties of mixed office waste enzymatic deinked pulps, selected from superior enzymatic treatments in terms of deinking efficiency using commercial cellulase enzyme from Aspergillus niger, were compared with the selected superior samples of chemical deinking treatments and the reference sample. The results showed that, the hand sheets of enzymatic deinked pulps, in comparison with chemical deinking, had lower caliper and bulk but without having significant differences with chemically deinked pulps in terms of the strength properties. As a result, because of its better deinking efficiency and also acceptable physical and strength properties, enzymatic deinking was recommended, as a proper substitute of conventional chemical deinking, for deinking of mixed office waste papers.

Rapeseeds of seven major local Iranian varieties, Option, Orient, Talaye, Global, Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and Colvert, with moisture contents of 5.49, 4.55, 5.41, 4.74, 5.53 and 5.32 (%w.b.), respectively were selected to study seed physical properties. Linear dimensions, mean diameters, sphericity, surface area, volume, true and bulk densities, porosity and static coefficient of friction of the seven varieties were measured using standard methods. Results showed that length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter and geometric mean diameter of rapeseed varied from 1.838 to 2.295 mm, 1.758 to 2.147 mm, 1.591 to 1.904 mm, 1.761 to 2.104 mm and 1.76 2.095 mm, respectively. Values of sphericity, surface area, volume, true density, bulk density and porosity of rapeseed were between 0.91 to 0.957, 9.744 to 13.86 mm2, 2.667 to 6.44 mm3, 928.01 to 1370 kgm-3, 675.61 to 741.6 kgm-3, 25.3 to 45.9 %, respectively. Measurement of the coefficient of friction of rapeseeds against plywood, galvanized iron, steel, aluminum and rubber showed that static coefficient of friction varied from 0.273 on steel sheet to 0.51 against plywood. It is concluded that physical properties of rapeseeds are quite dependent on variety.

Post harvesting processes such as cleaning, washing, handling, weighing and complementary and conversion processes carried out base of mechanical and physical properties of product. In this research determined dimensional characteristics and components such as arithmetic diameter, geometric diameter, sphericity, bulk density and angle of repose of six varieties of cotton seed. Studied varieties included Sahel, Sephid, Golestan, Armaghan, 43200 and B-557. The data was analyzed by JMP software in CRD, and the graphs were drawn by Excel software. The largest and the smallest arithmetic and geometric diameter were belonged to 43200 and Armaghan respectively. Armaghan cultivar had a biggest sphericity (0.63). Golestan cultivar had the thickest skin, and the highest density was belonged to 43200. Maximum angle of repose (22o) was shown in Sephid cultivar, and the lowest angle of repose (18o) was measured in Armaghan cultivar.

Introduction: DNA ligases as a particular type of enzyme which catalyze and facilitate the formation of a phosphodiester bond in duplex DNA are central enzymes in molecular biology. DNA ligase forms a bond between the end of a donor nucleotide and the end of an acceptor nucleotide. Reaction of DNA ligases is necessary for all organisms and serves as the fundamental step of DNA replication and repair. DNA ligase can play an important role in repairing single strand disruptions and fasten nicks in double-stranded DNA. It also connects Okazaki fragments during the replication of DNA.T4 DNA ligase, E. coli DNA ligase, and ther mostable DNA ligases are examples of DNA ligase enzyme family. These enzymes differ in their co-factor requirements, substrate specificity, and thermal stability.Conclusion: DNA ligase has the widespread use in laboratories of molecular biology for recombinant DNA experiments. Despite the existence and operation of the DNA ligases in all organisms, they show a vast variety of amino acid sequences, molecular sizes, and attributes.

In this study, the effect of variety on geometrical properties (length, width, thickness, average arithmatic and geometrical mean diameter, equivalent diameter, surface area, volume and sphericity coefficient), gravimetrical properties (true and bulk density, porosity and a thousand grain mass), frictional properties (filling and emptying angle of repose, coefficient of static friction against surfaces of aluminum, steel, galvanized iron, rubber, cement and wood) and Aerodynamical property (terminal velocity) were determined. The effect of variety was significant (P<0.01) in all Physical properties (expected true density) investigated. The most geometrical diameter belongs to Pofaki with 8.62 mm. The most coefficient of sphericity belongs to Pofaki, with 84.47% and the least coefficient one belongs to Shamshiri, with 83.34%. Most bulk density related to the Shamshiri (673 Kg/m3) and the most filling angle of repose belongs to Pofaki (32.47 degree). The highest static coefficient of friction in both varieties belongs to surface of wood (Shamshiri 0.579 and Pofaki 0.611) and the lowest coefficient of static friction for Shamshiri related to surface of aluminum (0.543) and for Pofaki related to surfaces of aluminum (0.575) and steel (0.575). Maximum terminal velocity was related to the Pofaki (11.54 m/s).

In this research, the effect of cellulose nanofibers on the properties of handsheet paper made from industrial bagasse pulp was investigated. Nanofibers, produced from alpha cellulose of softwoods using grinding method, were added 20 wt% to the handsheet paper. Nanopaper- handsheet composed of 100% cellulose nanofibers- was also prepared. Results indicated that using nanofibers increased water drainage time of the pulp. Addition of nanofibers to the handsheets increased the optical transparency and density while sheet thickness decreased. Papers made with 20 wt% nanofibers showed higher tensile strength than those prepared with pure bagasse fibers. Nanopaper possessed the highest tensile strength. Tear strength was negatively affected by using cellulose nanofibers in such a way that the lowest tear strength obtained for nanopaper. Never eless with Addition of nanofibers to the handsheets in said conditions tear strength decrease but this decreasing of statistical viewpoint wasn’t meaningful.