In translation criticism the critic deals with two texts: the original and the target. In this process, the target text is contrasted with the original, and then the good and weak points are dealt with on the basis of translation principles and theories. Some grammatical and linguistic weak points can be found and improved even without contrast, but the keystone for investigating the accuracy of the meaning in the target text is the original.In literary criticism a speech is evaluated according to its literary aspects, and a critic may criticize a literary text from different points of view, such as literary style, and ethical, social, economical, political, historical, cultural and religious aspects, as well as in accordance with the level of knowledge and thought of the speaker.In the present article the emphasis is put on this point that personal view of the critic will always have its effect on both translation and literary criticism. Therefore, it should be said that different persons may criticize a literary text or translation differently due to their different personal notions.

انسان با تهذیب نفس و علم حضوری می تواند حضور علت هستی بخش را درک نماید؛ لذا در فلسفه اسلامی خداوند حاضر علی الاطلاق است. اما پرسش از چرایی عدم انکشاف حضور الهی به طور گسترده برای بشر از طریق روش هایی مانند تجربه دینی ذهن فیلسوفان دین را به خود مشغول داشته است و تقریرات شلنبرگ در استدلال به اختفای الهی برای الحاد، در این میان نقش محوری دارد. عمده پاسخ ها به علت اختفای الهی از منظر وجودی، فلسفی، عرفانی و کلامی است. اما در پژوهش حاضر به روش تحلیل محتوایی سعی شده است رویکردهای انسانی تراویس دامزدی مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. وی با بیان مواردی مانند شاخص انزجار آسیب دیده، شاخص انزجار محدودیت وجودی، شاخص ترس و امید و شاخص از خود بیگانگی سعی در طرح دلایل اختفای الهی نموده است. در این مقاله عمده نقدهای این رویکرد انسانی مواردی چون نسبی گرایی و استقرای ناقص، بی نیاز نبودن از رویکردهای کلامی مانند تدبیر، حکمت و لطف الهی، ارائه تصویری منفعل از خداوند و عدم توجه به بعد اجتماعی دین، دانسته شده است.

The textbook is the most important educational tool in all educational centers. It helps to achieve educational aims. That is why criticizing academic textbooks is essential, because it leads to more effective textbooks. Considering the necessity discussed, the present study intends to criticize the textbook entitled "History of Literary Criticism" (Ahmadzadeh Heravi, 2013) published by "Samat" publications for undergraduate students of English language and English literature based on one hundred features of academic books that are summarized in the ten categories. These ten categories include thematic specialization and purposefulness, theoretical strength and practical implications, citation and interdisciplinary nature, comprehensiveness and up-to-dateness, qualifications and resumes of author, writing and literary decency, content and structural coherence, compatibility with learning theories. The nature of interaction and motivational power are physical and visible characteristics. The method of this research is critical analysis. The results of the present study show that the author has not succeeded in fully observing the ten principles in her book. For this reason, the book needs to be revised to address the shortcomings in order to make it more effective.