In spite of advances in modem medicine and the control of infectious diseases in middle of the 20 th century, injuries have emerged as a main threat to the state of being well and health of children and adolescents. Despite the evidences, the epidemiology of the problem and proper strategies are not yet fully understood. In this cross -sectional study 17 primary state schools with 4597 students were selected by using cluster -random sampling in scholar year 1998-1999.In this period 89 injuries were reported-and incidence rate of school injuries was calculated 19 per 1000 students per year. The injuries more occurred in boys and students of the fourth and fifth grade in comparison with other sex and grades (P<0.01).The rate of injuries in afternoon is higher than morning and the first 2 days of the week, but this difference wasn't statistically significant.Results showed that the most common locations of injury were paly grounds (50.5%).To fall down on the ground and falling off the heights was the most frequent cause of injury (46.5%). Head and face were the most common injured parts of the body (56.1%). Swelling, contusion and abrasion were among the most frequent injuries (74.1%).

Objective(s): To determine the trend of crude and age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer in Fars province, southern Iran, from 2001 to 2008. In this epidemiological study, using Fars province cancer registry data the incidence rates were calculated per 100, 000 people a year and age standardized incidence rate was performed by direct method using the world standard population.Methods: Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16 and Microsoft Excel version 2007. Out of 743 lung cancer cases, 72 percent were male and 28 percent were female.Results: The results showed that through an eight-year period the age standardized incidence rate has increased 3.9 times from 1.5 in 2001 to 5.9 in 2008 per 100,000 people a year. Also, the lung cancer incidence rate in Fars province exhibited an increasing trend and proved to be higher in male and elderly age groups.Conclusion: According to the results, Fars province considered as low incidence rate area in terms of age standardized incidence rate of lung cancer.

Background and objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes acute or chronic necrotizing involvement of various body organs, especially the lungs. The relatively high annual incidence of TB and its mortality rate is a major health problem in developing countries. This study is focused on TB trends and associated factors in Hamadan.Materials and methods: This descriptive - analytical study included all cases of TB in Hamadan province during 1384-1389. Data consist of 694 TB patients which their age, sex, place of residence and conditions were measured. Data analysis included logistic regression and trend chi-square test. Spss16 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: 50.4% of patients were female. Patients mean (SD) of age was s 52.2 (21.9) and 56.2% of patients were over 50 years of age. 68.6 % of patients had pulmonary Tuberculosis. There is no difference in TB incidence in different years. Place of residence (urban - rural) and gender had no effect on incidence (p>0.05), but the effect of age on the tuberculosis incidence was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: education about risk factors and symptoms of TB and also more accurate case finding in this age groups is recommended with the hope to decrease the incidence of TB.

INTROCUCTION: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of urinary system. Regarding the previous studies, it seems to have high incidence rate in Kurdistan province. This research was aimed to identify the incidence rate of bladder cancer and demographic charaeteristics of the patients from 1994 to 1999.MATERIALS & METHODS: All patients with bladder cancer that diagnosed from 1994 to 1999 were included in the study. This was a descriptive research and 192 patients were studied. Data was collected from the patient`s file. RESULTS: The total number of the patients with bladder cancer were 192 cases. Of thses, 160 cases (83.3%) were male and 32 cases (16.7%) were female. Thirtheen cases (6.8%) had less than 40-year-old age. Mean age of the patients were 62.55 years (SD=12.96). Regarding our study, incidence rate of bladder cancer in Kurdistan province from 1994 to 1999 was 3.3/100000 population in each year. Other result showed that 62% of the patients were village resident. The patients had equal distribution throughout the province. However, there was some limitations to demonstrate dwelling place of all patients. In pathological point of view, 97.9% of tumors were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Of these, 26% were grade I, 50% grade II, and 24% grade III.CONCLUSIONS: Regarding our study, the incidence rate of bladder cancer in Kurdistan province is more than most areas throughout the world. The mean age of the patients is also low. So, complementary studies to demonstrate risk factors of bladder cancer in the province is recommended.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), as the most common cause of death from infectious disease in the world, is estimated to rank 10th in view of the global burden of disease. Due to the increasing prevalence of this disease and reduce the incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the province, this study was designed to investigate the TB epidemiology and its affected factors in Hamadan province.Methods: In this study, 842 patients with TB during 2007 to 2013 referred to the health centers of the province were studied. All information of patients, including age, gender, place of residence and patients’condition, were collected. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS22 statistical software.Results: The mean age of patients was 54.01±21.75. Of patients, 425 individuals (50.4%) were female.2.1% of patients were infected with HIV, 579 (68.7%) with pulmonary TB and 412 (71.1%) were smear-positive cases. There was no significant relationship between gender and type of TB (P=0.81).Between place of residence (urban-rural) and the type of TB a significant relationship was found (P< 0.005). Age and type of TB, as well, showed statistically significant correlation (P<0.01).Conclusion: In this study, most patients with TB were in the age group of over 70 years old. Therefore, it is recommended to do more accurate screening in this age group to reduce the incidence risk of disease.Considering the high prevalence of TB and HIV at the same time, training and preventive Proceedings to control tuberculosis is recommended.

Objective (s): To determine the pattern of incidence and survival rates of cancers in elderly adult in the period of five years to obligate the screening and therapeutic aged care services to old people.Methods: This is a historical cohort study based on the data analysis years (2001 to 2005) and cancer registries reporting survival rates for these cancers in people aged 60 years and older. Collecting data was through observation and data gathering Cancer Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The inclusion criteria were cancer patients 60+ years registered through the annual reports of cancer cases and survival patients followed. To compare the survival and separation of sex Kaplan Meier coax method was used. The death and death of the relative risks of various cancers were calculated by regression model.Results: Based on data 33.5% of women surveyed aged 60 years and older and 66.5% were elderly men. The mean age was 71.2 years. Mean survival in this study was 88.2 years. The highest incidence of skin cancer was 5 years old. The geographical distribution of incidence was bladder cancer among elderly in Kermanshah province. Yazd province was the highest prevalence of common cancers in elderly. The average of five-year survival in Lorestan province was the highest and the Ardabil province had the lowest. The relationships between sex and death from cancers were (0.84 to 0.95), and the relationships between the relative risks of death from cancers (1.03 to 1.09) which were significant.Conclusion: The risks of cancer death among nine provinces were varied comparision to Tehran metropolitan. In oderwords survival rate of cancers in the nine provinces significantly were less than Tehran province.