Investigating the behavior of agents in the housing sector, including investors, households and developers, is very important. A large part of housing price fluctuations is caused by the activities of these agent, especially the investors in this sector, and these housing price fluctuations influence other economic sectors because the housing sector has a lot of backward and forward relationships with other sectors. This research aims to analysis of the behavior of agent in the housing sector in the forming of the equilibrium pattern of housing prices in Iran using the mathematical optimization method for the period of 1991 to 2022. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the equilibrium price of housing with the construction cost of each residential unit, household income and investors' expectations of housing prices. Also, there is a direct relationship between the volume of trading of investors and their expectations of housing prices. When the expectations of housing prices are in the range of zero to 1.71 and more than 1.71, investors will be in the position of selling and buying housing, respectively. Hence, the relationship between the equilibrium price of housing and the volume of trading of investors with the risk component of investors is positive, and if the equilibrium price of housing is more (less than) 2.33, investors take a selling (buying) position. On the other hand, if the investors are in the low range of zero according to the amount of risk and volume of trading of investors, then the investors are in the selling position and if they are in the upper range of zero, the investors are in the buying position.

The contemporary living crisis that is rooted in disconnection from historical period and context culture has led to a housing crisis, the sign of which can be seen in the changed quality of life of residents living on newly-built fabrics. This qualitative level results in some differences between these two fabrics, which may reduce the mental and social security of contemporary residents. In this research, the null hypothesis assumes that the study of historical fabric and comparing it with the contemporary era are proper contexts used to create security in residential structures. Hence, this study aims to recognize the values available in traditional housing using effective components to provide some strategies to cope with this crisis. The present paper investigated the security rate of individuals comparatively and then identified the factors affecting housing quality. Comparison between houses located in Dezful was done based on the Kerry Walk method, and security was examined using field observations, a survey in the fabric, and library studies. Moreover, the research test included measurement of household weight based on the Entropy-Shannon method and data assessment based on the Vicor Analytical Model in two considered fabrics. Finally, the deductive logic method was used to reach a conclusion and propose some strategies to improve the quality of architecture. Studies indicated that the security rate (71.4%) in traditional housing satisfies the need of residents more than its value (28.6%) in the contemporary era. Although some security-creating variables exist in contemporary housing, security-providing indicators in this housing include visual and environmental comfort, spaces' legibility, economy and income level of households, monitoring and surveillance, privacy, space's dimension, and space perception.

In this article, the impact of Mehr housing scheme on the housing market of Iran is investigated by using panel data and asymmetric ARDL model proposed by Schein, Yu, and Greenwood-Nemov (2011). For this purpose, the data for nine provinces namely: Tehran, Guilan, Mazandaran, Eastern Azerbaijan, Khuzestan, Fars, Isfahan, Hamedan, and Zanjan in the period 1991 to 2011 are applied. The variables are extracted from Poterba and Tobin model, and we assume the issued building permits to be our variable in estimating the effect of Mehr housing on the house price. Our results show the high impact of the number of households (population) variable, and the liquidity on housing price. Also, the important conclusion is that the Mehr housing scheme has not been able to reduce housing prices and prohibit its indiscriminate growth. However, performance of the plan has affected the expectations of people for future, and resulted in stagnation of housing transactions which itself has caused the relative decline of housing price.

Housing is one of the most important and most effective sectors of development as a whole, and the process of housing planning is a crucial issue. Initiation of a comprehensive housing plan needs a full recognition and deep analysis of its various aspects. Recognition and analysis of housing indicators as key planning instruments can be the most sensitive steps of the planning. A general review of the housing plans in Iran shows some weaknesses. The plans not only have not included a complete number of key indicators, but also the indicators have not been analyzed deeply in the process of planning. Housing indicators can present the situation and indicate the negative and positive points of housing sector. Based on the findings of this paper, housing indicators can be classified and analyzed in the contexts of economic, social and physical aspects, although some indicators play multi functions roles. The number of. selected housing indicators must be comprehensive so that they cover all aspects of housing. They must also be deeply analyzed in the process of housing planning. This process of using housing indicators would increase the efficiency of housing policies and plans.

Introduction: Housing, as one of the basic human needs, can be seen as a connecting link between environment, society, and economy. Affordable housing is recognized as a vital economic and social issue with wide-ranging implications for individuals, families, economy and environment. Affordable housing, known as »housing affordability«, is an important economic and social concept in the housing sector, relating to individuals' and families' ability to access suitable housing considering their income and housing expenses. Traditionally, housing affordability is defined and evaluated based on economic criteria. A fundamental part of this research is the theory that economic affordability is influenced not only by housing costs and income but also by a broader spectrum of criteria affecting a household's quality of life. The Purpose of the Research: Housing provision is a phenomenon observed in many societies. Conditions in which households spend more than one-third of their gross income on housing costs are prevalent. In this research, we aim to examine the position of affordable housing in Iran's housing programs post-Islamic Revolution and analyze the indicators used to evaluate affordable housing. This article seeks to explore the relationship between affordable housing and housing policies in the post-Islamic Revolution era in Iran. Moreover, credible sources and previous research have been utilized as primary tools for evaluating affordable housing. This research analyze housing policies within the framework of market and economic changes in Iran and its changes that have occurred in these policies over time. Methodology: This research employs qualitative content analysis method to examine housing policies after the Islamic Revolution. The analysis is based on studying the housing policy-making process and the role of post-revolutionary governments in this policy-making. The workflow begins with data collection using documentary studies and examining the historical context of housing welfare policies through legal documents and existing programs. Then, utilizing qualitative content analysis method, the collected data are categorized and analyzed. Finally, the description and analysis of the subject are conducted based on global indicators of affordable housing in light of the findings from documents and legal sources. The time frame of the study covers the period from the beginning of the revolution to the end of the seventh development plan. Findings and Discussion: Controls on urban expansion diminished, leading to increased construction activities around cities. People struggling with heavy rent burdens and rural migrants quickly settled on the outskirts of cities. Although there was an increase in residential construction during this period, investment in it decreased due to a reduction in the infrastructure of the produced units. Additionally, construction activities faced recession during the imposed war period, exacerbating the recession due to war-related issues and restrictions. Despite attention to the housing sector in the Islamic Republic's development programs, housing plans were not fully implemented, mainly due to private sector uncertainty in investment, rising prices, and infrastructure costs. Efforts have been made in the physical dimensions, housing provision, and construction of residential units in rural areas, as well as in housing standards and quality, and the redevelopment of deteriorated areas. However, in economic dimensions, financial facilities for low-income groups, changes in financial policies, and housing finance provisions have not been emphasized in affordable housing programs. Conclusion: In the seven economic, social, and cultural development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, housing has been recognized as a significant component. This attention to housing aims to reduce inequalities, foster social justice, improve the quality of life, and provide housing for low-income and deprived segments of society. Various programs have addressed housing infrastructure, supported small housing unit producers, and ensured housing for vulnerable groups. However, in some programs, there is insufficient focus on housing, indicating a lack of coordination between housing and other planning components. Improving and paying attention to housing can significantly contribute to social justice and inequality reduction and should be prioritized in all development programs. In summary, attention to housing in Iran's development programs is essential, with emphasis on aspects such as developing housing infrastructure for the needy, providing housing programs tailored to the needs of different regions, utilizing innovative technologies, enhancing construction quality, and considering housing as a key component in sustainable development and environmental protection. Proper planning in this regard can aid in sustainable development and economic and social growth.