Today, cities are suffering from serious problems and damages in various fields, especially environmental challenges. The concentration of population in cities and the disproportion between the growth of services and urban infrastructure, especially in developing countries, urban areas in terms of environmental sustainability criteria and quality of life with all kinds of environmental damage such as air pollutants, Hearing, visual, sewage and garbage disposal problems, sanitary water supply, etc. have faced. The continuation of such damage, especially with the form and function it has in developing countries including Iran, is a crisis and a warning about environmental instability, especially in big cities. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the components of environmental security in Tabriz city. Because the environment is one of the most important parts in the planning process of urban development, therefore it is inevitable to pay attention to it in policies and planning. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by field and questionnaire, and one-sample t-test, step-by-step regression, Swara and one-way variance tests were used for data analysis. The research results show; the average value of environmental security with a sample T-Tech test: for soil quality index 2.69, water quality 2.32, air quality 1.91, urban management 2.67, infrastructure 2.42 and culture and awareness of citizens 2. The average level of environmental security of the entire city of Tabriz is 2.43 (lower than the base limit of 2.5), which shows that the city of Tabriz is in a state of ecological tension in terms of environmental security. Also, the results of one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures show a significant difference in the security of livability among the components. There is a significant difference between six indicators from the set of scores, which means that in the current situation, about 917.9% of the total variance or difference in environmental security components is related to the group difference or the difference between the six components, so that the soil quality component has the most and the air quality component has the least effect on the environmental security of Tabriz city.

Housing has been one of the most important household assets throughout history. By examining the factors affecting housing prices, planning and decisions about the future of housing can be made. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors (physical, access, environmental variables) on housing prices in Maragheh, The study is applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of real estate consultants in Maragheh. Data collection was done by library and field methods. From the mentioned community, according to Cochran's formula, a number of simple random methods have been selected as a sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, analysis of variance and multivariate regression. Findings show that all three components (physical, access, environmental) have an impact on housing prices in Maragheh. There is no significant difference in the impact of each on housing prices in Maragheh. In the physical variables of the building: the quality of the structure, in the access variables: the access to the medical centers and distance from the transport lines and access to the workplace and in the environmental variable: the components of nature and green space and social status have the greatest impact compared to other components. Among the variables affecting housing prices, the access variable had the major impact, then the environmental variable and finally the physical variable had the largest share on housing prices in Maragheh.

Environmental audit is an important tool to achieve environmental pollution control standards. Environmental audit helps organizations to be informed about the actual level of environmental performance and to take corrective actions if the performance is lower than the level of environmental standards. The purpose of this research is to explain and rank the components and indicators of environmental audit in manufacturing companies. The research method is mixed (qualitative and quantitative), which in the qualitative part is based on the foundation's data theory method through interviews with 18 experts in 2024. The statistical population of the research, which was selected selectively and purposefully, includes accountants, financial managers, auditors and expert faculty members. In the quantitative part, Friedman's test was used to rank the environmental audit components. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that the environmental audit components are, respectively: sustainability reporting component, pollutant control and reduction component, waste and ecosystem management component, environmental and cultural requirements component, and natural resource and energy management component. Also, 25 indicators were extracted according to experts' opinions, and in the quantitative part, sustainability reporting component ranked first, pollutant control and reduction component ranked second, waste and ecosystem management component ranked third, environmental and cultural requirements component ranked fourth, and management component Natural resources and energy ranked fifth. Also, by accurately identifying and evaluating these components and indicators, manufacturing companies can identify their strengths and weaknesses in the field of environmental performance and adopt appropriate improvement measures.

Among the issues related to the development of the country, education is one of the basic principles and the tree of development. The educational system of the society is considered as one of the main pillars in realizing this goal and achieving social justice. Rural areas, with a population of 20 million, are considered as one of the main spots of production and human resources in the country. It is important to provide this large group with proper training. Poor accessibility to educational services in the country's villages, especially in the southern, southeastern and border provinces, and the existence of different problems call for special measures and proper management. This can increase the level and quality of education for all villages. The need for local education and its development in rural areas should be considered as one of the main challenges for the advancement of the country's education system. The main purpose of this article is to study the level of literacy and education of rural residents in the provinces of the country and to study and analyze the indicators and indicators affecting the quality of education in rural areas. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in order to study and classify the criteria and indicators affecting the quality of education in rural areas of the country, AHP weighting method and MicMac software have been used. In these studies, there are 29 indicators in the education criteria that are extracted through desk studies. These criteria include educational programs (Ep), teaching and learning environment (Le), research (Re), social services (Ss), teachers (Te). Environmental criteria include social and institutional environment (Se), economic environment (Ec) and natural and physical environment (NE). The model incompatibility is equal to 0. 08 and the system stability in MicMac software is equal to 96%, which indicates the appropriateness and reliability of the partnership. The results showed that the environmental causes are more effective than the general criteria of education on the quality of education. Currently, the economic conditions, employment and quality of life of rural residents in the central, southern and border provinces of the country are in poor condition, which is one of the principles affecting the quality of education and literacy of rural residents.

Research Problem: Modern life requires attention to the continuous flow of information, and this long-term attention causes mental fatigue. Mental fatigue, as one of the problems of modern man, reduces mental efficiency and causes numerous other physical and psychological problems. One of the solutions to adjust this type of fatigue is to restore the mind of effort. Based on previous theoretical knowledge such as attention restoration theory (ART) and stress reduction theory (SRT), as well as previous studies, landscape and environmental variables are among the strategies for restoring the mind.Research Question: The present study seeks to identify various environmental variables that affect mental recovery and summarize these variables according to the existing literature in this field of research. It also seeks to discover through which channels related to the human mind, mental recovery related to the environment occurs.Research Method: This study was a systematic review to understand the similarities, differences, and research gaps in the field of human mental restoration. Therefore this paper reviewed studies conducted between 2010 and 2024 in the Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Sage databases with a 15-year retrospective review. The scope of the review was limited to English-language publications within the fields of architecture and landscape architecture. Article selection was guided by the presence of keywords related to "mental restoration" and "mental fatigue" such as "Mental* fatigue", "Mental* fatigue" and environment*, "Mental* fatigue" and Landscape, "Psychological restoration" and environment* within the title, abstract, or main text. These keywords were selected by the researchers in a way that included the most articles published in the databases. Then, the summaries of the studies collected through content analysis were coded and categorized in the form of variables related to the environment and the mind. To summarize the aforementioned studies, the frequency of environmental variables was examined, and then relationship models between environmental and mental variables were drawn. The result of the search was the number of 3092 studies, after applying restrictions, 135 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in the study.The Most Important Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that investigations into mental restoration over the past 15 years have primarily been grounded in eleven core theoretical frameworks, despite diverse research approaches. Also, about half of recent studies have used questionnaires; however, the growth of mixed quantitative-qualitative research in recent years indicates the value of using these two methods together to compensate for the possible weaknesses of each. Variables associated with mental restoration in contemporary literature can be broadly categorized into four distinct groups: cultural-social, emotional, psychological, and cognitive-functional. The effect of the variable access to nature on mental restoration, attention restoration and stress reduction, the effect of the variable attractiveness, soundscape, water and fountains, the presence of shrubs and trees, distance and greenery and green space on mental restoration, and the effect of biophilic design on stress reduction were the most frequent relationships between the variables of the studies. Considering that the mentioned correlations have been repeated and confirmed in various researches, therefore the mentioned factors are very important in the discussion of mental restoration.

Biological collections are the focal point for the emergence of behavioral diversity. The level of success in any bio space can be measured by the extent of the continuity of people in that space. According to experts, the bountiful presence of humans in every place represents the feeling of vitality and vitality of that space. The result of these three components is the emergence of happiness in space, a sense of vitality and excitement. The research method in this paper was qualitative-quantitative meta-analysis and a research tool for purposeful sampling with the method of statistical analysis of data. The findings of the research have shown that with the qualitative and quantitative study of the issues raised, in the field of the sense of vitality in residential areas and frequencies, it is possible to find the pathology and the necessary research to improve the quality of the living environment. According to the analysis of the views of the 12 experts, the three components of physical, social component and environmental component are the most effective components. The quantitative results of this study have shown that physical component is 74. 42%, the social component is 18. 61% and the environmental component is close to 7. 00% in realizing the sense of vitality. After analyzing the findings and categorizing the necessary 15 effective indicators in the sense of vitality. The final achievement of this research is to explain the communication model between the factors contributing to the realization of vitality for residents of biological spaces.

Background and Objective: The subject matter of the present research, ‘Examining the Role of Psychological Elements on Farmers’ Environmental Behaviors in Damavand and Firoozkooh Provinces, ’ belongs to psychological studies with emphasize on environment. The present research’ main goal is to review the effects of psychological variables-including attitude and self-concept-on farmers’ environmental behaviors in these provinces. Material and Methodology: This is a descriptive-survey research. Its statistical population, 372 individuals, include farmers and gardeners in Damavand and Firoozkooh provinces sampled by simple random sampling with proportional assignment and using Cochran formula. Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression statistic and LIZREl software estimates were used in the present research. Findings: The research’s results showed that self-concept and environmental attitude were the main elements of psychological structure effective on environmental behaviors, in aspects of water management, soil management and integrated pest management. At the end, one could say that the independent variables powers used in explaining dependent variable variance, i. e. behavioral behavior, was %31. Discussion and Conclusion: The research’s results confirmed that psychology may help us in reforming environmental attitudes and self-concepts in order to turn farmers’ and gardeners’ concerns regarding future in these provinces to make a sustainable use of water, soil, air, plants and wild life resources and preserve coming generations’ shares and rights.

According to landscape definition, interaction is a key concept in landscape formation. Using strategies to increase the influence of the interaction elements (humans and the environment) in shaping and communicating with the landscape is an emerging concern that can be a major part of technology implementation in recent times. The interactive landscape is a different step towards strengthening the relationship between humans and places in a more purposeful approach. As a result, this article attempts to more precisely identify the interaction, as well as the characteristics and features that effectively improve the relationship between humans and the environment. In this regard, the environment and the occurrence of interaction, and the characteristics that affect it, are identified on the one hand, and human beings and human characteristics that affect the two-way relationship with the environment are identified on the other hand. The current study aims to answer the following question: What environmental and human characteristics are efficient in enhancing human interaction with the environment and forming an interactive landscape? This study aims to develop people’s relationships with the environment and strengthen the landscape’s interactive aspect. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to first investigate the concept of interaction and then analyze it to determine the effective indicators of interaction occurrence. Then, taking into account the importance of humans and the environment in the concept of landscape, it identifies environmental and human components that affect the strengthening of effective characteristics on the occurrence of interaction in the landscape by analyzing the contents based on human nature and the environment. This research suggests that to enhance the occurrence of interaction between humans and the environment, characteristics such as two-way relationships, activeness, variability, responsiveness, effectiveness, and affectedness need to be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the conditions of occurrence of interaction with the environment can be strengthened by using human and environmental characteristics based on their natures.

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مؤلفه های کارآمدی نظام ولایی در منظومه فکری حضرت آیت­ الله خامنه ای یا تأکید بر فطرت انسان ها است. پرسش اصلی مقاله حاضر آن است که مؤلفه ­های کارآمدی نظام ولایی در منظومه فکری حضرت آیت الله خامنه­ ای چیست و آیا این مؤلفه ها با فطرت انسان­ ها سازگاری دارد؟ همچنین پژوهش حاضر بر این فرضیه استوار است که شکل گیری و پایه ریزی انقلاب اسلامی و همچنین اندیشه های حضرت ایشان بر مبنای اعتقادات و باورهای دینی و فطری بوده بدیهی است این مؤلفه ها و شاخص ها هم بر مبنای الگوی اسلامی استوار است. روش پژوهش توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و نتایج نشان داد ازآنجاکه ابتناء نظام جمهوری اسلامی بر  نظریه حکومت اسلامی در عصر غیبت و بر پایه مردم سالاری دینی بوده  بر اساس این نظریه،  مشروعیت نظام مردم سالاری دینی  بر سه اصل صلاحیت­ های دینی؛  رضایت و انتخاب مردم استوار است برای رسیدن به اهداف، باید در مرحله نظر و عمل به عنوان یک نظام کارآمد تلقی شود؛ لذا در منظومه فکری رهبری انقلاب اسلامی نیز اصل کارآمدی از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار است.