Purpose: One of the major factors responsible for failure in treatment is perforation and different studies have shown that furcal perforation will result in destruction of tooth supporting tissues and if not treated, may result in tooth loss. Different materials have been introduced for perforation treatment, such as Cavit, Zinc Oxide Eugenol, Calcium Hydroxide, Amalgam and MTA. Today, MTA (first introduced by Torabinejad in 1993 as a root end fil1ingmaterial) is the first choice for treating perforations, due to its excellent sealing ability and biocompatibility.In this report, we describe the treatment with MTA performed for a patient with perforation due to massive dental I caries and the results of the treatment.Case Report: The patient was a 19 year old girl with no medical records which came to clinic for treatment of her lower left first molar tooth. The clinical and radiographic investigations showed massive decay in the crown and furcal region of the molar tooth. First, the crown and furcal caries were completely removed. After root treatment with Guta- Percha and AH26 sealer, the perforation was sealed with MTA and temporarily filled and in the next session, the tooth was restored. 6 months later, radiographic investigation was performed to confirm the success of treatment. Conclusion: Perforation in the furcal region, even if it is produced by caries, can be treated using MTA and this material is thought to be the first choice for treating perforations.

In this study the healing performance of micro-cracks by microcapsules containing linseed oil in the coating of polyaniline as conducting polymer were investigated. The In situ polymerization in the urea - formaldehyde resin was done to produce linseed oil capsules. The synthesized capsules were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope and contents were determined 75% of their oil. The (FTIR) test was performed to verify the success of being microcapsule. The process of Polyaniline coating was performed by using the electrochemical galvanostatic method in 0.7, 0.9, 1, 2 and 3 A/dm2 current densities. The performance of corrosion resistance of the composite coating containing microcapsules was studied by potentiodynamic polarization test in the 3.5 percent solution and immersion in the 5 percent sodium chloride corrosive solution. The results showed that sample coated with a current density of 1 A/dm2 composite with 0.01 weight of microcapsules had very good self-healing and corrosion resistance properties and Efficiency of 95% was determined to protect it.

Introduction: In patients requesting to bleach their teeth, bleaching treatment might affect microleakage of present restorations. Technique and concentrations of applied bleaching and bonding agents are some effective factors on microleakage of composite restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching method on microleakage of resin composite restorations.Methods and Materials: 48 extracted carries free human premolars were selected and randomely divided into 4 groups. Class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces, with gingival margins located 1mm below CEJ. In group one Cleatfil, SE- bond and Single bond applied on buccal and lingual surfaces respectively, and cavities restored by Z 250 resin composite. In group two, the cavities were restored as in group one and then were kept in distilled water for a period of one month. In group three, all the stages resembled group two and home bleaching regimen was used. In group four, all the stages resembled group two, but samples subjected to in office bleaching regimen. All the samples were thermocycled and examined for microleakage. Data analyzed using Wilcoxon, Kkruskal-wallis and Man-Whitney U tests (a = 0.05).Results: Single bond compared to SE- bond provided the best post bleaching results regarding microleakage. The amount of microleakage was higher in office bleach technique in both margins.Discussion: Single bond showed the best results regarding post bleaching microleakage. Bleaching had a negative effect on microleakage that was higher in office technique.

Introduction: In the present study, we hypothesized that a novel approach to promote vascularization would be to create injectable three dimensional (3-D) scaffolds within growth factor that enhance the sustained release of growth factor and induce the angiogenesis.Material and Methods: We demonstrate that a 3-D scaffold can be formed by mixing of peptide-amphiphile (PA) aqueous solution with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) solution. PA was synthesized by standard solid phase chemistry that ends with the alkylation of the NH2 terminus of the peptide. The sequence of arginine-glycineaspartic acid (RGD) was included in peptide design as well. A 3-D network of nanofibers was formed by mixing HGF suspensions with dilute aqueous solution of PA.Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination revealed the formation of fibrous assemblies with an extremely high aspect ratio and high surface areas with mean diameter of less than 200 nm. In vitro HGF release profile of 3-D nanofibers was investigated while angiogenesis induced by the released HGF was being assessed. In vivo potential ability of PA nanofibers to induce angiogenesis was assessed through subcutaneous injection of PA solution, HGF solution, and PA in combination with HGF solutions. Injection of PA with HGF induced significant angiogenesis around the injected site, in marked contrast to HGF injection alone and PA injection alone.Conclusion: The combination of HGF-induced angiogenesis is a promising procedure to improve tissue regeneration.

Background: Gross difference in return to work exists in pilonidal sinus patients operated by primary and secondary repair. This survey was to evaluate the results of surgical management of pilonidal sinus with primary or secondary closure.Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, patients with pilonidal sinus referring to the surgical clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran between March 2007 and March 2009 were underwent either excision with midline closure (primary, n=40), or excision without closure (secondary, n=40). The recorded outcomes were hospital stay, healing time, time off work, postoperative pain, patient’s satisfaction and the recurrence rate.Results: Majority of the patients were male (87.50%). There was no significant difference in the hospital stay. Time off work (8.65±1.73 Vs.11.53±2.33 days, p=0.001) and healing time (3.43±0.92 Vs.5.3±0.79 days, p=0.001) were shorter in primary group; but, there were no significant differences in hospital stay and number of visits.Intensity of postoperative pain in the 1st (37.75±6.5 Vs.43.63±5.06, p=0.001), 2nd (26.75±6.66 Vs.34.63±5.48, p=0.001), 3rd (18.25±6.05 Vs.27.88±6.88, p=0.001), and 7th (8.45±3.85 Vs.17.88±6.19, p=0.001) days were lower in primary closure group. There was not significant difference in complication rates in groups. Patients’ satisfaction was higher in primary group (4.15±0.53 Vs.3.6±0.5, p=0.001).Conclusion: According to this study excision and primary closure is the preferred procedure in patients with pilonidal sinus. It has the advantages of shorter time off work; earlier wound healing, lesser postoperative pain, higher patients satisfaction and comparable complication and recurrence rates with excision and open wound.

Background and Aim: Microleakage is an important problem for amalgam restorations and causes teeth discoloration, pulp irritation, sensitivity and caries. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro micro leakage of 3 different dental amalgams with commercial names (Cinalux, Dentam, SS White) using a dentin bonding agent (Excite) and a cavity varnish (Compalite), in class V amalgam restorations.Methods & Materials: Class V preparation measuring 3x2x2 mm were cut on the facial surfaces of 78 freshly extracted human premolar teeth. The teeth were divided into 3 groups of 20 teeth and 2 groups of 9 teeth as positive and negative control. They were restored using the material of choice following manufacture's instructions, and thermo cycled between 4±2C° and 54±4C° for 700 cycles in 105 seconds. The teeth were subsequently immersed in methylene blue dye and sectioned to allow assessment of microleakage with stereomicroscope. The obtained data were analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Non-parametric statistical analysis showed significant differences between 3 different amalgams when the cavities lined by Excite (P<0.05). There was no significant differences between 3 different amalgams when the cavities lined by varnish.Conclusion: These results suggested dentin bonding agents reduced microleakage in comparison to varnish, and the type of amalgam is effective on microleakage.

Background & Aim: Because cesarean section is one of the most prevalent surgeries in women, the reduction of complications and duration of operation and finding simpler techniques with the fewest complications are of great importance. The present study was conducted to compare the early results, i.e. duration of operation, pain, fever and wound infection, of the two methods of repairing and not repairing visceral peritoneum in cesarean section so that we can suggest the best route with the fewest complications.Patients and Method: In a comparative experimental research, 258 pregnant women who had cesarean section for the first time were randomly assigned into two groups of repairing and not repairing visceral peritoneum. The early results including duration of operation, pain, fever, and wound infection were compared in both groups .For statistical analysis, we used Z–test, leven test, and Chi-square and the findings were shown in cross tabulation tables.Results: Duration of operation was lower in the non-repair group. The rate of wound infection in both groups was 1.2% with no significant differences. The prevalence of post-operation ileus and fever in the repair group was higher and more significant (p < 0.001). Post-operation pain, which was determined based on the number of indomethacin rectal suppositories prescribed, was greater in the repair group (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Since there are no short-term complications due to not repairing visceral peritoneum and because of the reduction in the duration of operation, pain, fever, and the prevalence of ileus in this method, it is recommended that traditional method of closure of visceral peritoneum in cesarean section not be done.

Background & aim: Appendicitis is the most common condition of emergency surgery. Complications after appendectomy include skin complications, infection, postoperative pain, hernia and obstruction. There is a difference of opinion among surgeons on peritoneal repair after abdominal surgery. Therefore, we aimed here to evaluate the effect of peritoneal repair versus non-repair in appendectomy patients in terms of postoperative complications. Methods: The present clinical trial study that was conducted on 126 patients who underwent open appendectomy at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj, Iran, from 2019 to 2020 who had the inclusion criteria. In the present study, randomization was performed systematically. Clinical observations and follow-up of patients was one week, three months and six months after surgery. After collecting and forming the data file in the computer, the information was analyzed using descriptive analytical statistics (including frequency distribution table, analysis of variance, T-test, chi-square) through SPSS software. Results: Out of 126 candidates for appendectomy, 60 were male and 66 were female. Among them, 64 (50.8%) underwent surgery with peritoneal repair and 62 (49.2%) underwent surgery without peritoneal repair. The mean age of this population was 26.88 13 13.82 years and ranged from 5 to 65 years. The results indicated that in both the peritoneal repair and non-peritoneal repair groups, 62 patients (69.9%) had no infection and 2 patients (3.1%) had purulent drainage, symptoms of infection, and SSI. Moreover, in the group with peritoneal repair, 42 patients (65.6%) had moderate pain, 16 patients (25.0%) had mild pain and 6 patients (9.4%) had moderate pain. In the non-peritoneal repair group, 50 patients (80.6%) had no pain, 11 patients (17.7%) had mild pain and 1 patient (1.6%) had moderate pain. There was no marked difference between the two groups of appendectomy with peritoneal repair and without peritoneal repair, in the presence of infection, hernia and obstruction, as well as pain intensity, but the presence of pain in patients without peritoneal repair was significantly less. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the appendectomy surgical methods, including open and closed peritoneum, did not indicate a significant difference for wound site infection. On the other hand, the amount of postoperative pain was lower in the open peritoneum group. Therefore, it is suggested to use appendectomy without peritoneal repair in patients with appendicitis.