One of the most interesting topics in Islamic and Western Philosophy is to determine the boundaries and limits of reason in knowing the real world. Following the existential limits of reason in knowing the reality, we come to its limits in announcing and asserting the facts. In this article, by appealing to the authorized criterions, I try to show both the cognitive and the assertive limits of reason and, thus, to determine the realm of necessary silence of reason about the objects of the world. However, the realm and object of necessary silence of reason is attainable to rational speech in a specific way. The structure of the reason and the special character of the objects allow that rational speech and rational silence come together without causing contradiction.

"Sound of Silence" is a reflection on one of the works of Abdulrazak Gurnah, an African novelist who won the Nobel Prize for Literature, in 2021. The purpose of the article is to examine the signs of interactions between the two social worlds of the colonizer and the colonized, which, like the suffering engraved on the consciousness/unconsciousness of the narrator, encourages a writer like Gurnah to write about his destiny. The whole life of the author/narrator has been involved in colonialism and post-colonialism, and this is what imposes the post-colonial theoretical and methodological framework of this writing. The book "Admiring Silence" somehow expresses an ambivalent and shadowy whole that has one end in the homeland and the other end in exile. The book describes and compares the painful odysseys of sounds, colors, cultures, geographies, politics, etc. The main structure of the story and the driving force of the adventures are formed by dualities based on time, place, language, personality, culture and society. According to the historical nature of such novels, Gurnah's story has also put a human effort on paper to be the voice of Subalterns. His success rate is fluctuating and ambiguous. This silent work is expression of wounds.

According to the 15th article of "Islamic consultative assemblies institutions, responsibilitits, and elections" law, the absolute majority of the audience votes is a bases of credit of the Islomic consultative assemblies decisions, whereas the legislator has not presented any preise ecisions, definition for "absolute majority" in this law. In the famous persian lexicons and the dictionaries of law, "half (of total number of audiences votes) plus one" has been presented, in a full agreements,as the definition of the absolute majority, whereas in some of the laws, this majority has beem interpreted as "more than half of the total number of audiences votes". The paralles of these definitions, without alluding to the term of "absolute majority", have been mentioned in the commercial Reform Bill, which is ratified in 1347. But, none of these definitions, because of the discrepancy of their description or the legislators silence, obviateel the problm of the consultative assemblies institutions or the associations which were formed with an odd number. Therefore, always there have been disagreement between the members of the consultative assemblies and the executors,in quorum valiadlity. In other words, this question still remains that in the case of the legislators silence about the definitio of the absolute majority according to his/her lexical definition (half plus one) or when the legislator has defined his majoritY as the same purport (half plus one), what is the whole number and which the decimal number (which is caused by applying the mentioned definition) must berounded? The next highest or lowest whole number? While crtitcizing the notions of propotrional and special majority,this article has proceeded to analyze the effects and the results which have been caused by each of the two definitions of the absolute majority, among the groups and the consultative assemblies which are form ed with odd or even number. Finally it has inferred that the absolute majority has only one definition and it is nothing except: "more than half of the total number of audience.

Wittgenstein subscribed to picture theory of meaning in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. According to this theory, we are only allowed to talk about state of affairs and whatever belongs to natural science meaningfully. Beyond natural sciences which consist of ethics, logic, religion, mathematics.. .nothing can be said, semantically speaking. According to Wittgenstein, the main task of philosophy is to clarify the distinction between saying and showing: What cannot be talked about, we must pass over in silence.In this article, firstly, picture theory of meaning is explained. Secondly, different accounts of the very idea of silence which is cited in the last section of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus are presented as follow: neutral silence, negative silence, mystical silence and therapeutic silence.

In this paper, we investigate po-purity using fi nitely presented S-posets, and give some equivalent conditions under which an S-poset is absolutely po-pure. We also introduce strongly fi nitely presented S-posets to characterize absolutely pure S-posets. Similar to the acts, every finitely presented cyclic S-posets is isomorphic to a factor S-poset of a pomonoid S by a finitely generated right congruence on S. Finally, the relationships between regular injectivity and absolute po-purity are considered.

Will is the basis and foundation of contracts and possessions; almost without which no contract and possession can take the religious and legal affects. Heart is the place of will, and because will has a high dignity, it cannot attributed to any matter unless it is declared and manifested. Silence is one of the means of Interpretation of the will. It, like utterance, scribe, deed and gesture, has some rules. jurists consider that silence cannot be considered as the will but if there are any letter of religious and legal, customs and relevant evidence, with certain conditions, the silence is interpreted as the will. Silence may be explicit or implicit. There are some criteria such as the existence of the letter, modesty, losses voidance, custom and analogy for detection and differentiation of silence, which will be interpreted as the will or not, and each one is considered as the will according to specific rule.