Efficiency is a key success factor in complex supply chain networks. It is imperative to ensure proper flow of goods and services in humanitarian supply chains in response to a disaster. In this work, a mathematical model for designing a humanitarian supply chain network and vehicle routing problem considering cross-dock is proposed where a Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (III) has been used for implementing the proposed model in a large-scale problem. Since the model has been implemented in a large-scale case, various sensitivity analyses are performed to extract more interesting results. Accordingly, the results have shown that the costs have more effect on the first objective function (patients compared to total injuries) and the second one (shortage), respectively. Compared to the other two objective functions, the impact on the cost function is negligible. The effect of transportation cost of relief goods/ supplies from the supplier to the warehouse on the first objective function is higher than the others; however, the effect of this cost is further than that of the cost from the supplier to the distributor, accordingly, in comparison to the previous cost, the output has been more reacted to this cost. The transportation cost from the distributor to the warehouse (cross-docking) has less effect on the cost function unlike the transportation cost from the supplier to the warehouse. Nevertheless, as the result shows an increase in the cost can lead to a considerable increase in the ratio of patients to total injuries as well as shortage. In other words, the objective functions would deteriorate when this parameter tends to be increased.

Iran is a country where the rate of natural disasters is high comparing with other countries. Therefore, humanitarian supply chain management before, during and after disasters is of great importance. Performance assess humanitarian supply chain is one of the important activities in humanitarian supply chain management which specifies the performance and how to improve it. At the beginning, performance dimensions and indicators of the earthquake supply chain in the country were identified. For this purpose, the output of the master's thesis in Tehran University was used and weights of performance dimensions and indicators by normalization factor loadings were obtained. Then, the selected earthquakes were assessed by gray approach. Two scenarios were used to assess reasonably and appropriately. In the first scenario, Just earthquake information was used, but in the second scenario, after setting the standard in qualitative and quantitative indicators, this information is entered in the calculations in the form of a hypothetical earthquake. Results are based on the second scenario which is more complete than the first one. They are: humanitarian supply chain performances in Dashti and Ahar earthquakes were equal and were better than that in Bashagard.

Objective: The influence of climate change on the frequency and severity of natural disasters is ever-increasing on a global scale. While natural disasters are unpredictable, emerging technologies can help with their prevention. Technologies allow responders to act sooner rather than later. The importance of the humanitarian supply chain in reducing the suffering and injuries caused by natural disasters is also undeniable. Developing emerging technologies offers an opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of responses of the humanitarian supply chain to disasters. Since Iran is one of the most natural catastrophe-prone countries in the world, this study aims to identify and prioritize emerging technologies suitable for its humanitarian supply chain. This study could provide solutions for responders and decision-makers to achieve an effective humanitarian supply chain. Methods: This is descriptive survey research and its statistical population consists of five emerging technology experts in the Iranian humanitarian supply chain. To identify and prioritize applications of emerging technologies in the humanitarian supply chain, the Best-Worst method (BWM) was used. Results: Reviewing the extant academic literature, 12 emerging technologies in the humanitarian supply chain were investigated. After assessing their content validity, experts selected eight relevant technologies for Iran’s humanitarian supply chain, including “Big Data”, “Internet of Things”, “Augmented Reality”, “Smart Robots”, “Artificial Intelligence”, “Gamification”, “3D Printing”, and “Smart Advisors”. In the next step, two sets of questionnaires were distributed among the experts. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed to measure the attractiveness and capabilities of emerging technologies in Iran’s humanitarian supply chain. The weights of technologies' attractiveness were calculated based on five filled-in questionnaires and by the Best-Worst Method and LINGO software. Next, to assess the technical capability of each emerging technology, eight Likert scale questionnaires were distributed. Finally, the gathered research data was analyzed using SPSS 26. Capability-Attractiveness Matrix was then formed. Analyzing areas of the Matrix helped the researchers determine specific actions suitable for each emerging technology. Based on the findings, “Smart Robots”, “3D Printing” and “Smart Advisors” technologies were placed in the “Position protection/Development” area with the highest capability and attractiveness. “Artificial Intelligence” was placed in the “improvement” area with high attractiveness and relatively low capability. “Internet of Things” and “Gamification” had a high capability and relatively low attractiveness. “Big Data” and “Augmented Reality” with relatively low capability and attractiveness had the least priority in Iran’s Humanitarian Supply Chain. Conclusion: The critical role that emerging technologies play in disaster preparedness and recovery is increasingly becoming recognized. The findings of the BWM Method and Capability-Attractiveness Matrix can be a good help for decision-makers and key players in the humanitarian supply chain. Natural disaster preparedness and collaboration to reduce impact across the humanitarian supply chain have never been more important. Utilizing these emerging technologies can minimize fatalities and injuries caused by natural disasters. Emerging technologies need to be adapted to various situations that arise during disaster relief.

Natural disasters and unexpected events such as earthquakes, floods, storms, droughts and fires entail different parts of the world annually, and the lack of preparation and appropriate solution inflicts heavy casualties and losses on nations and their assets, which are sometimes irrecoverable. The fire and collapse of the Plasco building, in Tehran, the recent earthquake in Sar-e-Pul Zahab, in Kermanshah, was also a disaster that, in addition to heavy financial losses, has caused deaths and many worries about other old buildings and unforeseen incidents. In this regard, information is a key stimulus of the humanitarian supply chain, because, without proper and adequate information, a relief team cannot estimate the aspirations of the injured peoples. In this research, after reviewing the literature and interviews with managers and experts in the field of rescue and crisis management, 10 critical success factors of the use of information technology in human resource supply chain management were extracted. Then, the relationship between these factors was explained by interpretive structural modeling technique and factors were placed on 5 levels. In the following, using fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the severity of the relationship between the specified factors and a conceptual map (causal and causal relationships of factors) was proposed, in which 7 factors were identified as effective factors and 3 were identified as influential factors. According to the final results, "hiring of knowledge workers" as the most influential factor in the lowest level and "strategic planning" was recognized as the most influential factor in the highest level, which requires serious attention of the managers of rescue and relief and management of the country's crisis.

Sustainable management of thesupply chain has a special place in thesupply of products to thefinal consumer.Iran's pistachio industry is also very important in providing foreign exchange and improving thecountry's trade balance.Therefore, reforming thesupply chain through theexpansion of knowledge and awareness will greatly contribute to thegreater competitiveness of this industry in theglobal market and thestability of thesupply chain.Therefore, thepresent study seeks to investigate theeffect of thelevel of knowledge and awareness of customers on improving thesustainability of thepistachio product supply chain in Iran from the experts' point of view.This research was applied interms of purpose, which was done with a mixed approach.In thequalitative stage, thestudied population included20experts of Iran's pistachio industry, who were selected through thewebsite of theIranian Pistachio Association, using thepurposeful snowball sampling method.In thequantitative stage, thestatistical population included156people from thefield of pistachio industry,130 people were determined according to Cochran'sformula and simple random sampling was used.In thequalitative part, thematic analysis method was used to identify the categories and concepts, and in thequantitative part, thestructural equation modeling method was used with SmartPLS3 software to analyze therelationships between thevariables.Based on theobtained results, in thequalitative section,55concepts were identified in theform of 6main categories. Also, theresults of thequantitative section showed that the categories of agricultural knowledge have a direct effect on processing knowledge, processing knowledge on warehousing and transportation knowledge,warehousing and transportation knowledge on marketing and distribution knowledge,marketing and distribution knowledge on support and service knowledge.Also, allthe categories, except the marketing and distribution category, which wasnot approved, have a direct impact on sustainable supplychain management.

In Iran the rate of natural disasters, especially the earthquake, is very high, hence the humanitarian supply chain management before, during and after the disaster occurrence is very important. In other hand emergency medical centers are main part of this chain. Emergency medical centers with timely treatment of injuries reduced the irreversible damage of disaster. Therefore, the location of these centers has a major role in reducing the response time to affected people and the locating of these centers is very important. The main objective of this study is to determine the location of emergency medical centers in order to maximize the demand coverage and reduce the rescue time in a humanitarian supply chain. In order to solve the emergency medical centers location problem a mathematical model was presented, considering some conditions for the problem and sought to find the optimal locations for the establishment of these centers. To solve this problem, an innovative algorithm was presented in which two meta-heuristic algorithms were used. Then, 16 scenarios were solved by using the proposed algorithm. Due to the accuracy of the obtained responses and the high speed of the convergence of the proposed algorithm, it can be used in large and complex problems that cannot reach the exact answer in a reasonable time.

Background – considering that the effective sharing of knowledge is an important way to improve the operational efficiency of the supply chain, studying of influencing factors on knowledge sharing in supply chain is necessary but very little investigations have been done about it. Purpose – This research aims to identify the factors affecting knowledge sharing in the supply chain. Methodology – The research methodology is exploratory mixed. The statistical population of the research comprises all the managers of Khorasan Electricity Supply Chain (461 people). 215 of them have been selected as samples, using Stratified Random Sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Statistica10, Z Test and Student-T Test. Findings – Based on the results, a conceptual model has been developed on the basis of 8 elements and related theories. The results of the model test showed that organizational attitude toward KS factor has the highest average in Khorasan Electricity Supply Chain and inter-organizational trust factor the lowest average. Conclusion – The study will contribute to improve understanding on the key factors affecting knowledge sharing in supply chain.

Background and objective: Considering that each supply chain strategy has its shortcomings, therefore the aim of this study is to provide a model for the IRAN POLICE supply chain by combining lean, agile, green and sustainable supply chain strategies in the form of large supply chain management in order to benefit. One of the capabilities of the above approaches is being simultaneous. Method: The present study is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and data collection. The data of this research have been collected through analysis of research literature, interviews with experts and distribution of questionnaires among IRAN POLICE supply chain experts and have been analyzed using structural equation method and PLS software. Findings: The findings show that the managerial dimensions, process and operations, integration have had a significant impact on the formation of large supply chain in IRAN POLICE readiness and support. Conclusion: The results of the study show the focus on Klanger's view on the development of supply chain in IRAN POLICE readiness and support. And if this is done, it will lead to the optimal use of resources, time, place and optimization of the preparation process.

Aim & Background: The main purpose of this study is Investigating the impact of Supply Chain Business Intelligence capability on the supply chain agility performance by agile supply chain capabilities mediation in Zarif Mosavvar’ s Boroujen Company. Method: The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and a descriptive survey in terms of research method. Standard questionnaire of Sangari and Razmi (2015) was used to measure the variables of the research model. After measuring the rational validity, divergence and convergence of the research tool its reliability was also estimated 0/74 by Cronbach's alpha method, which was done through the participation of 296 managers and employees of Zarif Mosavvar’ s Boroujen Company whom were selected by simple random sampling. The data analysis method has been used in two descriptive and inferential levels and it was done through SPSS 21 and WarpPLS7 softwares. Findings: The research findings showed that Supply Chain Business Intelligence, with a determination cofficient of 0. 94 mediated by agile Supply Chain capabilities, had a very powerful and significant effect on the agile performance, which represents the high predictive power of the business intelligence components. Also, the path of Supply Chain Business Intelligence capabilities with path coefficient of 0. 89 and p <0. 001 significance had the most impact on Supply Chain agility performance. Conclusion: Thus a strong business intelligence culture is required to take full advantage of investments in business intelligence processes and technologies, and provides a better understanding of the determinants of business intelligence culture in an in-house supply chain.

Aim and Introduction. The issue of coordination identified as a key management issue in the supply chain. Service supply chain due to its different characteristics, and the products in the service supply chain are service-oriented, complex and more information-based, the coordination models in it are completely different from the coordination models in the supply chain of physical goods. In this research, the main aim of the research is to develop a model for coordination based service supply chain. Despite the well-known barriers to modeling for service business supply chains, there is process coordination as an existing and emerging component that motivates the development of service supply chain models. A large number of stakeholders may be involved in designing and delivering services, and their processes should be coordinated. Many service businesses have to serve a large number of different customers or users within the organization. This complicates the delivery of services rather than the delivery of industrial goods. In the service sector, since a large number of human resources are affected, but the participation of the end user is a necessity in the process of providing services. Methodology. The main research question is what is the appropriate model for coordination based on service supply chain? In this research, to identify the concepts of coordination in the service supply chain, in the framework of the supply chain coordination, which examines and analyzes the dimensions of this phenomenon at this level. In this research, the qualitative method of grounded theory and Strauss and Corbin model used to design the model [16]. Applying the research strategy based on the paradigm chosen by the researcher. The research method is the theory-based method of data. The development of a theoretical structure for service supply chain is the adoption of an integrated approach based on inductive techniques. In the meantime, data-driven theory offers an inductive method for creating integrated theories by in-depth study of internal and external. In addition, its community are faculty members and senior industry executives, who selected using purposive judgmental sampling. The objectives of the research were determined and explained using qualitative research tools. In addition, using open, axial and selective coding, a paradigm model formed based, on which the conceptual structure of service supply chain synchronization designed and presented. Validation of the research based on the data methodology of the foundation, the criteria of adaptability, comprehensibility, generalizability and control used. Findings. Finally, the underlying factors of coordination divided into two categories: infrastructure and capabilities. Interfering conditions include behavioral factors and characteristics of cooperation. Coordination mechanisms studied in the form of three characteristics of sharing, stable relationships and technical and technological mechanisms. The reasons for coordination examined in the form of four characteristics of uncertainty, customer dissatisfaction, risk and non-integrated system, and synergy, sustainable profitability and brand improvement identified as the consequences of coordination. Findings. After identifying and assigning the code, the resulting codes analyzed related and a common meaning grouped and then described. The relationship between the customer and the service provider did not analyzed in a vacuum. Rather, looked at in a broader context that includes a set of contextual elements. Based on the designed model, the underlying factors of coordination that, when coordinated by the supply chain company, influence the selection and formation of coordination mechanisms between themselves and other components of the chain, fall into two categories: infrastructure, capabilities and capabilities. Infrastructure factors include IT infrastructure, transportation, distribution center management, customer information access, and management dashboards. Based on the model, the interventionist conditions include behavioral factors and characteristics of cooperation. Behavioral factors include variables such as culture, trust, commitment, attitude, collective learning, collaborative work teams, adaptability, and openness and honesty. Coordination mechanisms considered as the focus of the focus company on the conditions and events that occurred during the coordination. Discussion and conclusion. In today's world where competition is rapidly intensifying, providing services at the right time and place with the right quality can lead to customer satisfaction, otherwise companies will inevitably fail. One of the main reasons for service failure is inconsistencies between components. Achieving coordination requires basic actions that must be well identified and implemented. Service chains are inherently two-way, so coordination and integration among the various players involved in the network is crucial. This research conducted in order to identify the necessary factors in achieving coordination in the service supply chain. To achieve the objectives of this research, the data theory approach of the foundation used, which ultimately led to the design of a paradigm coordination model of service supply chain. In this study, the main and sub-categories of the model in terms of coordination mechanisms, contextual conditions, causal conditions and coordination consequences of the service supply chain identified and suggestions made for relevant experts in each department. The main categories in this research as follow: infrastructure, capabilities and capabilities, behavioral factors, coordination characteristics, sharing, sustainable relationships, technical and technological, uncertainty, risk, non-integrated systems, customer relationship management, Synergy, credibility and profitability are stable. Identifying these key categories in the model because it considers all the criteria together can increase the awareness and understanding of researchers and managers about the implementation of supply chain coordination.