INTRODUCTION: The link between occupational factors and coronary artery diseases (CAD) has been studied and confirmed in many countries. Conditions associated with driving such as stress, and factors such as long working hours and the environment can increase the risk of CAD. In this study, we measured potential CAD risk factors in bus and taxi drivers and compared them with a control group.METHODS: 135 taxi drivers, 194 bus drivers and 121 non-drivers (control group) were evaluated for CAD risk factors, i.e. age, body mass index (BMI>24), cigarette smoking, hypertension, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, LDL), triglyceride >200, blood sugar >126 and familiar history of CAD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to distinguish major risk factors.RESULTS: Taxi drivers have an increased risk of hypertension compared with the control group (odds ratio: crude=5.94, adjusted=9.09; P<0001). Cigarette smoking in taxi and bus drivers was 1.4 (P<0.3) and 3.24 (P<0001) times greater than the control group, respectively. The risk of increased LDL and decreased HDL in bus drivers was 4.38 and 5.28 (P<0001) times greater than the control group, respectively. The risk of obesity, high blood sugar and high triglyceride was not significantly different among the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Driving is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Known CAD risk factors are also higher in drivers.

Background and Objective: Anesthesiologists are exposed to significant risks due to advancements in the techniques of anesthesia and surgery, the emergence of modern equipment and drugs, as well as increased responsibilities and expectations. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a model for assessing the risks and hazards existing in this profession. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. Initially, various sources, including interviews with three experts and reviews of articles, were used to extract occupational risks in the field of anesthesiology. Subsequently, the study criteria, including consequence, probability, and exposure, were determined, and the weighting of these criteria was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, the prioritization of different risks was determined using the combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method. Results: Based on the weights of criteria using the AHP method, consequence with a weight of 0.43 was the most important criterion, while exposure with a weight of 0.27 was the least important criterion in this study. Furthermore, among the investigated risks, inhaling anesthetic gases while wearing a mask and filling a vaporizer (R5) was selected as the most dangerous risk, followed by skin contact with scrubs or blood, patient's secretions, and infected tissues (R1), as well as needle sticking during venipuncture and patient's spinal anesthesia (R12), which were selected as the second and third most dangerous risks in anesthesiology, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the consequence was identified as the most important criterion, and the risks of inhaling anesthetic gases during mask ventilation and filling the vaporizer were determined to be the most significant occupational risks in anesthesiology. Furthermore, it was established that the proposed method can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of occupational hazards in anesthesiology and other professions.

Background: There is no doubt that one of the effective factors in implementation of projects that have potential hazard can cause irreversible losses. Therefore recognizing potential hazards is of paramount importance.Method: The present descriptive-analysis study was conducted at Rudbar Lorestan Dam constructional projects. For recognizing potential hazard in tunneling activities, job safety analysis (JSA) was performed according to OSHA 3071 method and for observing this purpose, the risk assessment matrix was carried out on the basis of MIL-STD-882E standard. Combination of severity and probability of each risk makes it possible to determine the risk level and the priority of control measures, qualitatively rating from 1-24.Results: Generally, a total of 232 risk factors were identified in different activities. As results show, %15.9 of recognized risks were serious, %17.3 almost serious, %38.4 medium and %28.4 were in low level. Therefore more than one-third hazards are assessed as unacceptable. Work at heights without using proper lifting, lack of equipment of tunneling treatmentolagy, delay in unstable rock mass support can be enumerated as the causative factors.Conclusion: Allocating a percentage of the budget of every construction project to provide safety and rescue equipment as well as experienced safety experts can significantly reduce the risk level. For assessment criteria, MIL-STD-882E standard was used and four indices were presented for decision making: serious, almost serious, medium, and low.

Background: Recent studies allude to an increasing trend in teachers to retire early from their profession and pay less attention to maintaining a health-oriented, occupational lifestyle. This highlights the need to develop psychoeducational interventions aimed at strengthening psychological capital in teachers. Aims: This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of empowerment training program to increase psychological capital and emotional wellbeing related to the job of a group of female teachers. Method: The present research was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all female teachers of the first and second course of secondary school in the 4th educational region of Tehran in the first semester of the 99-98 academic year. Among them, 60 female teachers in experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups who were selected by convenience sampling method, before and after training answered the psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman (2007). ) and the the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector & Kelloway (2000). Teachers' psychological empowerment training package (Baum et al. (2018). ) was performed in 10 sessions and 2 hours in each session, in a group method for the experimental group. For data analysis, simple mixed analysis of variance statistical method was used. Results: The results indicated that, in the short and long term teachers' psychological empowerment training package was effective in increasing psychological capital, positive dimension of job-related emotional well-being and in contrast was empirically effective in reducing negative teacher emotions, the negative aspect of job-related emotional well-being (p< 0/001). Conclusions: In summary, the results of the present study showed that the realization of teachers 'psychological empowerment concerns and the provision of essential prerequisites for professional development and growth in them is based on promoting teachers' psychological capital, strengthening coping resources and improving their mental resilience.

Introduction Job satisfaction is a multi-dimensional concept and is related to several factors. In other words, job satisfaction will be achieved by a set of factors. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of affective well-being and job stress with job satisfaction, concerning the mediating role of job self-sfficacy Method The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all the employees of neuroscience centers in Lorestan province in 2019. 3 centers were randomly selected and a random sampling method was used to select individuals. Finally, by removing those who did not complete the questionnaire completely, 252 people participated in the study. Four questionnaires were used in this study: Job-related Affective Well-being Questionnaire (JAWS), Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Job Stress Questionnaire (HSE), and Job Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Results Findings showed that the proposed model had a good fit. The results also showed that job stress had significant relationships with job self-efficacy and job satisfaction (p<0. 05). The relationships of job-related affective well-being with job self-efficacy and job satisfaction were also significant (p<0. 05). Also, the mediating role of job self-efficacy in the relationship of job-related affective well-being with job satisfaction was significant. Discussion Remarkable in the findings of this study was the existence of a third variable between the relationship between job-related affective well-being and job satisfaction. Affective well-being first affects job self-efficacy and then job self-efficacy affects job satisfaction. Employees' emotions in the workplace affect how employees think.

Objective: Given some failures of the Capital Asset Pricing Model in explaining the default risk anomaly, some researchers have claimed the two-beta model, established by Campbell and Vulteenaho (2004), is functionally able to explain this peculiarity. Originated primarily from CAPM, two-beta model decomposes the market beta to the discount-rate beta and the cash-flow beta. In other words, the two beta model decomposes the systematic risk to the discount-rate and cash-flow risk. Method: In an attempt to test the ability of the model to explain the anomaly in the Tehran Sthock Exchange, we firstly ranked firms based on their default risks, measured by Ohlson’ s (1980) model, and then employed the two-beta model to decompose the market beta to discount-rate beta and cash-flow beta. We, ultimately, applied a simple regression model to extract the discount-rate risk premium and cash-flow risk premium. Results: Our results reveal that as the default risk increases, the discount-rate beta increases and the cash-flow beta decreases. Furthermore, the cash-flow risk premium is significantly more than the discount-rate risk premium. Therefore, the two-beta model can explain the anomalous default risk existing in the Tehran Exchange Security.