Background and objectives: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the most important concerns and preoccupations of humans in the third millennium. Pastures are crucial components of the enviroment and natural resources, yet they have endured significant destruction in recent decades. For this reason, in recent years, restoration and protection projects and plans have been implemented in different countries. However, due to various reasons, livestock farmers, as the most important beneficiaries of this sector, did not participate much. Therefore, the main idea of this research was to discover the challenges of participation of livestock farmers in this sector. In this regard, this study was conducted with the general aim of investigating the challenges of livestock farmers' participation in pasture protection plans and projects in Kurdistan province in 2022.  Methodology: This research is quantitative in nature. In relation to its practical purpose, it involved field research for data collection and was conducted as a single-section study in terms of time. The statistical population of the research comprised all livestock farmers in the Saral region of Kurdistan province. Saral district, spanning 1000 km2, is situated in western Iran within Kurdistan province. The region experiences an average annual rainfall of 480 mm, characterized by a cold, semi-arid climate. Saral features sandy loam soils, well-suited for grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. Ecologically, Saral district serves as a secure habitat for a diverse range of plants and animals. Notably, this natural region has yet to be thoroughly and systematically studied, with a majority of research focusing on the regions plant and animal species rather than the factors contributing to degradation. The primary occupation of people in the Saral region is animal husbandry, marking it as one of Irans most susceptible areas for this practice. The study utilized a sample size of 385 individuals, determined by the Karjesi and Morgan table, employing a muli-stage sampling method with proportional allocation. The primary research tool, a questionnaire, was validated by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and Lisrel software. Results: The results of the coefficient of variation showed that the challenges of "not being familiar with forest protection methods" and "not holding workshops and training courses for livestock farmers" were the most important factors. In addition, the results of the exploratory factor analysis classified the challenges of participation of livestock farmers in pasture protection projects into four socio-cultural factors (15.021 percent), educational challenges (14.364 percent), managerial and legal challenges (13.324 percent), and economic challenges (9.521 percent), and these factors could explain 52.23 percent of the total variance of the factors. Considering that educational factors were one of the most important challenges in this field, it is suggested that policy makers and natural resource planners should pay more attention to the category of ranchers' education, because many ranchers do not have much knowledge of appropriate conservation behaviors.Conclusion: This study marks the inaugural effort in western Iran to safeguard rangelands. Previous studies on pasture conservation have often overlooked pastoralists, who maintain a close connection with these areas. Livestock farmers are pivotal in pastur protection, given their intimate ties to this sector. With appropriate training, they have the potential to make substantial contributions to the sustainability of this crucial domain.

The paper represents the development of an adaptive multi-criteria algorithm based on fuzzy approach for the decision making part of the differential transformer protection schemes. At first some effective phenomenon have been examined. Then off-line examination results have been implemented for adapting the relay parameters such as fuzzy functions, weighting factors and tripping threshold to relay conditions and transformer characteristics. Self-adjustment of relay parameters has improved the speed of operation, dependability and security of relay. Different tests have indicated satisfactory results and less than half a cycle for the mean of operating time.

Purpose: This research explains the technological requirements for the policy of acquiring and protecting digital resources in the National Library of Iran from the stakeholders' point of view. The stakeholders form the policy's three pillars: texture, content, and process; in other words, they play an active role in the policy-making process.Method: This research was conducted in a combined process and three stages. In the first stage, the qualitative content analysis method of related documents and documents and the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA were used to code the texts. At this stage, the research community included 29 Latin articles, 24 Persian articles and 17 national and international standards. After that, he benefited from the expert opinions of the specialist focal group. Then, the codes from the focus group meetings were combined with the codes from the texts, and 82 codes were finalized. In the following steps, the questionnaire to determine the priority of the codes was provided to the expert group of the Delphi panel using Pressline software, and their average was finalized.Findings: The findings in the category of technological requirements included four general axes. On the axis of preserving and disseminating digital national cultural heritage, three codes for setting up and managing a national system for protecting and accessing digital resources, using digital rights management technology, and using digital protection strategy. There are two codes on the axis of the application of digital standards: the application of the principles and functional requirements of records in digital administrative environments and the application of government security standards and requirements. In the axis of using user-friendly system facilities, the code of using adaptive technologies for access to the national digital system for people with sensory-motor impairments, and in the axis of using suitable infrastructural system facilities, two codes of the possibility of loading digital resources in the national digital system and analyzing the behaviour of users to improve services, they won the highest points in the national digital system.Conclusion: The results of this research show that in order to solve or reduce the challenges of protecting digital information resources, it is crucial to define and apply agreed standards between libraries or agreements with business organizations in the field of national heritage. The findings also underscore the importance of managing existing and future protection challenges by applying and using standards and suitable infrastructure system facilities comprehensively and in interaction with other similar systems in Iran. The high priority given to the codes of these two axes in the Delphi panel indicates their significance in creating a strong and reliable national system. The codes of these two access with more than 50% by creating a suitable and reliable platform, the portals of acquisition digital resources to the active form is launched and the digital heritage of Iran can be saved for the present and the future

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of digital human resources management with a data-based approach. The current research is applicable-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of information gathering, and qualitative in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the research includes specialists and experts familiar with digital human resource management topics. Sampling in this research was snowball type. Based on the subject of the desired data,through preliminary studies, semi-structured interviews, collection, and sampling continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The obtained information was analyzed with MAXQDA2020 software. The results showed that the digital human resources management model with the data-based approach includes causal factors (technological, environmental, human, and organizational), background factors (digital platform, management platform, and individual platform), intervening factors (cultural factors and creation of platforms new), strategies (organizational and managerial), and consequences (individual, cultural, and organizational), which is necessary, according to the mentioned model, while paying attention to the multiplicity, to provide the ground for the implementation of the desired situation.

IntroductionKarst as a compound geological landscape represents special hydrological characteristics underlain by limestone, dolomite, gypsum, salt, and other soluble rocks created in the form of a cavity and cave. Development of karst formation is different from one region to another due to the climate as well as the process of forming karstic water resources [1]. Humid area dominating over European countries has provided conditions for the formation of karstic phenomena in these countries. whilst in Iran, located in an arid and semi-arid area, the formation of this phenomenon is limited.

Purpose: This paper explains what factors impact preservation and access to materials in audiovisual archives, including those of radio and television; where and when access contributes to preservation and where it endangers them due to such acts as manipulation, distortion, censorship or destruction. The paper proposes strategies for maintaining a balance between the two.Method and research design: Library resources were consulted to prepare this paper.Findings and conclusion: Migration of contents to alternative formats is suggested as an effective strategy to achieve the balance between preservation and access.

Despite increasing attention to natural resources conservation, protection measures and polices have not been successful. As a result, water, soil, forest and natural habitats’ loss and degradation have increased during the last decades. These degradations of natural resources have raised serious concern. Some believe that the world is running out of natural resources. Also, there is an increasing awareness towards human interventions which inevitably contribute to intensified environmental destruction due to environment policies that grew from the technocratic utilitarianism. This approach considers the natural resources degradation as a part of the natural functioning of the nature and ignores the people-environment interaction. Sustainability is achieved if the conservation policies are considered in light of comtemporary conservation views. Contemporary natural resource management is expanding its focus as a result of the dynamic interchange between conservationists and local people. To attain this goal, it is imperative to pay adequate attention to the social-ecological integration in a systematic and inclusive manner, and understand the humanistic aspects of ecological adaptation. Therefore, the role of culture, values and attitudes in the process of planning, dissemination and implementation of conservation programs must be noticed.

The digital footprint reflects the information created and used by each media. It can be used in recruitment decisions. This qualitative research is intended to identify key issues in the application of online social media related to recruitment and employees protection. Hence, ten human resource managers involved in employees recruitment and retirement were intentionally chosen. They were asked to participate in the interview. This qualitative study follows an explorative approach, and applies theme analysis for identifying the concepts. Open interviews are employed for data collection. Ten specialist of human resource in the population of active companies in leading industries compose statistical sample of this research. The results of this study will lead to an increase in awareness of the use of digital footprint by companies relating to recruitment and decisions about employees. Rise of employers’ information about the fact that social media data can affect recruitment and dismissal decisions, would result in less disciplinary and discharge outcomes.