During the last few decades, formation of the center-periphery model in the structure of political divisions in Iran has caused the marginal regions of the country experience spatial, political and social rupture other regions of the country along with the intensification of deprivation and underdevelopment. . Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the main problems of administrative-territorial divisions in contemporary Iran focused on the influence of the simple governance system. In other words, this research discusses the most important problems affected by the centralized simple governance structure for the administrative-territorial divisions and organizations of the country. According to the results of this research, the most important problems of administrative-territorial divisions and organizations in contemporary Iran are ignorance of spatial-geographical justice, weak formation of national development, penetration of informal factors, weakness of formation of appropriate administrative-management structure, weakness of formation of national solidarity and structural unity and geographical homogeneity, extreme political-spatial centralism in the center and weak attention to geographic-human qualitative criteria. This research is practical in terms of purpose and tries to present an efficient model of territorial-administrative divisions and organizations for the country in a descriptive-analytical method. According to the results of this research, it seems that the "decentralized or simple regional governance-territorial model" is more compatible with Iran's natural and human conditions and can solve the problems of Iran's current political divisions.

The Qajars used other measures and policies to protect and govern the territory of the forbidden countries of Iran in the beginning of their rule, in addition to using the power of the sword. The tradition of family rule or the use of members of the royal family as rulers at the state and provincial levels was one of these measures, which had already been used by some former ruling families such as the Seljuks and Safavids. The findings of the study, which was conducted by historical method and descriptive-analytical approach, show that Agha Mohammad Khan, as the founder of the Qajar dynasty, continued the tradition of family rule by employing all members of the royal family as rulers to govern different states and provinces of Iran. Dad and two of his immediate successors, Fath Ali Shah and Mohammad Shah, introduced a kind of innovation in this tradition by restricting the use of members of the royal family to the king's sons and grandsons.

At the beginning of their rule, the Qajars used the tradition of dynastic rule to manage the system of territorial division, but from the period of Naser al-Din Shah, the tradition of dynastic rule to manage that system and the use of princes and members of the royal family in the states and provinces gradually lost color, and the bureaucrats of the time and members of their families, They took the place of princes and members of the royal family in the governance of the states and provinces. In this study, the historical research method and the descriptive-analytical approach were used to try to answer the main question of what were the characteristics of the system of territorial division during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah and what were the factors that caused the change of approach from the policy of dynastic rule to the policy of civil rule and what caused the appointment of the ruling judges in the states and provinces. The research method in this study is the historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach in the field of library studies. The results show that the change of state boundaries and the consolidation of states and provinces under the supervision of a ruler, as well as the creation of new states, were the characteristics of the system of territorial division in this period. The administrators of the administrative system of territorial division during the period of Naser al-Din Shah initially continued the policy of dynastic rule, but due to the harmful results of the dynastic rule policy in the political field as well as the weakening of the financial basis of the central government, they changed the approach from the dynastic rule tradition to the civil rule tradition.

At the beginning of their rule, the Qajars used the tradition of dynastic rule to manage the system of territorial division, but from the period of Naser al-Din Shah, the tradition of dynastic rule to manage that system and the use of princes and members of the royal family in the states and provinces gradually lost color, and the bureaucrats of the time and members of their families, They took the place of princes and members of the royal family in the governance of the states and provinces. In this study, the historical research method and the descriptive-analytical approach were used to try to answer the main question of what were the characteristics of the system of territorial division during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah and what were the factors that caused the change of approach from the policy of dynastic rule to the policy of civil rule and what caused the appointment of the ruling judges in the states and provinces. The research method in this study is the historical method with a descriptive-analytical approach in the field of library studies. The results show that the change of state boundaries and the consolidation of states and provinces under the supervision of a ruler, as well as the creation of new states, were the characteristics of the system of territorial division in this period. The administrators of the administrative system of territorial division during the period of Naser al-Din Shah initially continued the policy of dynastic rule, but due to the harmful results of the dynastic rule policy in the political field as well as the weakening of the financial basis of the central government, they changed the approach from the dynastic rule tradition to the civil rule tradition.

Effective management of land, maintaining national unity and territorial cohesion factors in distributing the national space policy. Persian Gulf has been a long time manifestation of cultural diversities and contradictions within the Shia - Sunni and Iran - in Arabic. In recent decades, there has been an escalation of conflict in the Persian Gulf region and the identification of issues arising from the existence of a ten-year life, the presence of foreign forces in the Persian Gulf, Iran and the West escalated conflicts. Exacerbated concerns about the consequences of spatial and property claims United Arabic Emirates about three Iranian islands and other Arabic countries support the demands of the provincial scheme proposes to provide the name of the Persian Gulf. In this regard, there are several options to consider Persian Gulf state of it is intended to meet the scattered islands. In this study were examined using descriptive - analytical and using library resources, composed in Persian Gulf poses security functions. The results showed that the formation of a new Persian Gulf through the strategic functions, geo culture, urban geopolitics and geo-economics could strengthen Iran's regional and ultimately national security establishment Iranian influence.

Introduction: According to structural changes in western Alborz range from south to north, field geology and tectonosedimentary studies carried on western Alborz, We divide western Alborz range to several tectonostratigraphic zones.Aim: Alborz mountain range is very complicated and interpretation and recognition of geodynamic evolution of Alborz is needed to recognition of geological zones.Materials and Methods: study of deformation styles, faults and their effects on sedimentation, unconformities, Lithological variations in the same periods of geological times, specially from Jurassic period, indicate different geological conditions and are used as fundamental factors for tectonosedimentary zonations of western Alborz mountain range.Results: Alborz Magmatic assemblage (3) is a volcanic arc erupted due to subduction of an oceanic plate under a continental crust (3). Southern and Central Alborz comprise of several rock units of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era which unconformably underlain by Eocene volcanic rocks. These zones are affected by Early Cimmeride, Late Cimmeride, Austrian, Laramide Pirnean, Attican and Pasadenian orogenic phases. The effects of Late Cimmerian and Austrian orogenic movements in the Median and Southern Alborz are visible in the form of unconformities, but in Northern Alborz which is situated in the northern side of Deylaman and Dorfak faults, there is no evidence of unconformity in rock units of lower Cretaceous time. According to geological investigations, a subsidence phase began in Upper Jurassic and continued to Upper Cretaceous in Northern Alborz zone accompanied by volcanic activity. Northern Alborz comprises of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks and the folding rate in this area is less than Central and Southern Alborz zones. After Jurassic period, some variations occur in the rock units of Central and Southern Alborz because of different geologic conditions prevailing in these tectonosedimentary zones. Khazar Coastal Plain or Gorgan- Rasht zone consists of a metamorphic basement and is overlain by thick Quaternary sediments.Conclusion: A correlation between rock units, structural forms, petrotectonic data led to the divisions of Western Alborz Mountain into five tectonosedimentary zones named as: South Alborz Magmatic Assemblage,(3) Southern Alborz, Median Alborz (with Manjil- Shahroud valley and Rostam Abad- Asiabar- Alamkuh subzones), Northern Alborz and Gorgan- Rasht Plain. These zones are separated from each other by several large, deep seated faults.

The purpose of total mystics and devotees out of sufferings and difficulties is to achieve divine realities and proximity, the realization of which is not possible except through intuition and introspection. Mysticism and Sufism as a branch of human knowledge is a proper haven for expressing mystics' thoughts and beliefs and causes the emergence of mystical definitions and expressions. The mental, religious, ideological, cultural, and mystical backgrounds of Sufis have been effective in origination of such mysterious words. Those words and expressions used in the talks of Sufis represent their moods and positions, and though sometimes it seems that their talks are different from one another and expressed in a variety of ways, they have had the same purpose to convey.This paper studies the word "manifestation" and its different types according to the attitudes of some Sufis. Manifestation is one of those expressions that mystics use to indicate the quality of their vision and whatever they receive from the Almighty and His presence in the objective world, and have endeavored to pave the way to get close to God by perceiving their link to the Almighty. Since spiritual journey is something individual and empirical, demonstrating mystics' intakes and perceptions has been achieved in various and similar ways.