Although the Quran is not a historical book, it has presented some reports from the events of the prophetic era. These reports in the era of the last prophet (p.b.u.h) were subject to criticism and evaluation of the Quran opponents. Therefore, if there were any defects latent in the historical reports of the Quran, or if there were any false report included in these reports, it would naturally be criticized by them. During the next periods, the historians embarked on writing the history of the prophetic age and used the Quran along with other resources. Now, the question poses itself as: May one consider the reports of the narrators from the events to be in conflict with the appearance of the Quranic reports or not? As is known by the paper, some conflicts between the reports of the resources and those of the Quran could be observed; with analyzing eleven cases, the conflict has been confirmed in most of them. For ease of the analysis of the subject domain, the reports have been limited to two battles (Badr and Uhud) and in comparison with the Quran, only three historical resources were used. In order to achieve the results of the study, the methods of the Shiite Imams toward the Quran during the history as well as "analytic-descriptive" and "comparative" methods were applied.

In the early centuries, Bam was considered the second major city of Kerman and was a prosperous center that had commercial relations with Sistan and Khorasan. In this article, a report on the exploitation of water resources in this region is presented.    

There are different opinions and ideas mentioned about the name and parentage of Imam Mahdi (PBUH): who his mother was? Some great scholars or religious authorities such as Kulayni, Mas'udi, Nu'mani, Shaykh Saduq, Shaykh Mufid, Shaykh Tusi, Ibn Khallakan, the First Martyr, etc, have all given their ideas about the Imam's mother. Kulayni said she was a black slave from one of the north provinces of Suran with the name Nuba. Nu'mani, Mas'udi, Shaykh Mufid and Ibn Khallakan believed the Imam's mother was an educated bondmaid who lived in the housre of Hakima Khatoon. The First Martyr had named her 'Saqil' and, finally, Shaykh Saduq, Tusi Tabari with the most religious scholars after Shaykh Tusi introduced the Imam's mother as "Narges", the daughter of the emperor of Rome. Although those scholars tried hard to justify what Shaykh Saduq had narrated, there were still some oppositions to his hadith.Now, in this article, we have investigated about some facts on all discussions and the way those traditions were narrated.

In the narrative sources of Shia, many texts can be found, and even in some cases in the limit of tawatur, which indicate the imamate of twelve imams. "Faisal Noor", a contemporary Wahhabi writer, in his book "Imamate and Text", has claimed that the texts of Imamate are invalid due to their conflicts with many other traditions. In a part of this book, he considered nonawareness of Imam Reza's companions about his successor as well as the quarrel of some members of the Eighth Imam's household with him as being in disagreement with the texts of Imamate, and, in this way, after denying the Imamate of Hazrat Reza, viewed lack of texts of Imamate in Shia narrative sources. Using the descriptive-analytical method, while proving the existence of Imamate texts from foreign sources, this article aims to criticize this point of view and has reached the conclusion that the ignorance or doubt of some of Hazrat Reza's relatives and friends about the issue of Imamate lies in political and material factors as well as religious doubts, not lack of imam texts.

Sharing a destiny for story and history is not anything complex, because some speculation on the concept of history can be useful. History means researching those events that have been accounted for, observed or attended by a researcher or a number of researchers working to build a construction of narratives concerning those events. Identity is a criteria based on which the historized event can be studied. Identity as an accumulative and condensed thing entails two simultaneously growing traits: on the one hand, it leads to the recognition of beings and re-understanding of the becoming. When we speak of identity as a process, we indeed talk about the continuity of historized phenomena that an individual, group, community or nation seeks to reply when answering the questions raised respecting its past. These questions can include who it was? Where has it been? What has it been? What is it now? Such questions imply the recognition of actually existing characterizations and reinventing the historically existing distinctions. It is founded upon a huge number of concepts and conducts that form themselves vis-à-vis the other. Re-reading six Qajar era's historical works, the author seeks to identify the Western element of identity in the historical reports of the Qajar era.

History means research on events that at a certain time have been taken into account, observed and kept in mind by researchers and has built a structure of the story about same events. Reality is greater than history and in terms of number exceeds it highly. This leads into identity generating. In this sense, identity is a criterion that historical event can be studied based on it. As we speak of identity as a process, indeed, we have spoke of the continuity of phenomenon having become historical in response to the questions of a people, group, ethno or nation about his past. With reviewing four historical works, writer has sought to study the factor of Iranian identity in historical reports of Qajar era.

Urban historic areas are the physical manifestations of values, traditions, and ideologies that express the history of societies, their evolution, and cultural identity. These areas, as a part of urban structure, are places for residence, activity, and business of a vast variety of stakeholders with different and sometimes conflicting interests and demands, and on the other hand, are the realm of cultural heritage conservation that imposes some limitations on stakeholders leading to conflicts of interest. Therefore, stakeholder conflicts in such areas are unavoidable and conflict management as part of the urban planning mission is indispensable. Stakeholder identification and analysis of their conflict pattern in urban historic areas provide the platform for stakeholder conflict management, therefore, this paper attempts to identify the involved stakeholders in Sangelaj Buffer Zone Conservation Plan and their perspectives toward it, and finally analyze the conflict pattern resulted from this conservation plan. This study was carried out based on the qualitative research paradigm, and the required data was collected using snowball sampling and in-depth interviews and analyzed and coded in Nvivo10 software based on grounded theory. According to the findings, involved stakeholders in this plan are categorized into “ public and private stakeholders” and their perspective toward the plan includes “ conflicting” , “ interactive” , “ power-based” and “ neutral” . Conflicting perspective includes “ value conflict, ” “ economic conflict, ” and “ procedural conflict, ” which are classified into two main categories: “ conflict of public and private interests” and “ organizational conflict” . The authoritarian nature of the conservation planning system, non-participatory and unrealistic conservation plans, the disintegration of urban planning and conservation planning, and the lack of compensation mechanisms for owners are the main reasons for conflict in this conservation plan.

Madā‘inī, one of the historians of the 3rd century AH, was a prolific writer in social, cultural and especially historical fields. His scientific command of the events in the Islamic history caused him to have the most number of writings compared to his contemporaries. Just the titles of those books have been mentioned in lists of sources. Among the subjects compiled by Madā‘inī are his historical writings about the Shiite Imams, some of which complete the works of the previous historians and some others are among his own innovations. This study is based on the historical data in older sources and analyzes and describes monographs compiled by Madā‘inī regarding the biography of the Shiite Imam. This study is seeking to answer the question on the role of Madā‘inī’s written heritage regarding the lives of the Shiite Imams and its effect on the next writings in that regard. Without paying attention to his own religious views, he has compiled extensive historical accounts with special issues regarding the Shiite Imams, especially Imam Ali and some other of the Shiite Imams, which shows his broad views about those great personages.