Tribenuron-methyl is commonly used for post emergence control of broad leaf weeds in wheat fields. In order to survey suspicious resistant weeds in wheat fields to this herbicide thirty-eight fields of Kermanshah province were investigated during 2012- 2013. Seeds of suspected resistance of wild mustard were gathered and tested in a randomized complete blocks design experiment with three replications. First, for early detection of herbicide resistance, the suspected population was screened using discriminating dose of tribenuron-methyl. Determining of the resistance degree was conducted by whole plant bioassay tests using dose-response curves. The resistance mechanisms were assayed by molecular methods, especially using the ALS gene cloning by PJET1.2/blunt Vector. For susceptible populations, the concentration required for complete control was 10.4 g ai ha-1 tribenuron-methyl. Also, in screening tests 50% of populations as resistant populations were identified. According to the Beckie and Tardif, it was found that 57.8% of these population did have a very high degree of resistance, 31.5% with high resistance and 10.5% with low resistance degree.GR50 of the resistant weeds was also increased as compared to sensitive weed, which indicates resistance in this province, Thus to control the resistant populations Z15, this amount increased to 1309 g ai ha-1.The results of DNA sequencing showed that mutation by replacing proline amino acid at position Ala122 causes resistance based on target-site mutation.

More than twenty years after registration of tribenuron methyl herbicide in Iran, there are reports on its lack of efficacy in controlling broad leaved weeds in wheat fields of Ramiyan Township. To investigate the occurrence of resistance to tribenuron methyl in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L. ), a series of experiments were conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2016. Putatively resistant wild mustard biotypes were gathered from wheat fields of the Township. A susceptible biotype was also gathered from the fields with no history of spraying. Putative biotypes were first screened with the recommended dose. Then, response of susceptible and resistant biotypes to various doses of tribenuron methyl herbicide was investigated. The results of dose-response assay implied occurrence of resistant to tribenuron methyl in some wild mustard biotypes. Resistance factors of RAM-R-14, RAM-R-27, RAM-R-25, RAM-R-30 and RAM-R-5 were obtained respectively 3. 90, 4. 10, 3. 96, 2. 66 and 2. 36. Distribution map of fields infested with susceptible and resistant wild mustard biotypes was drawn using geographic information system and it was revealed that the gathered biotypes were observed in the fields which possessed unsuitable cropping pattern and weed management was based on chemical control. The results of the present study may be utilized to implement herbicide-resistant weed management practices as well as prevention of development of these plants to other regions.

To evaluate the effect of tank mixing surfactants and nitrogen sources on the efficacy of tribenuron methyl herbicide, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with four replications in the faculty of agriculture at Tarbiat Modares University in 2021. Experimental treatments included four rates of tribenuron methyl (0, 4.5, 9, and 15 g active ingredient (ai) ha-1), as a post-emergence herbicide: nitrogen sources (control without nitrogen, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, and asparagine amino acid): and types of surfactants (control without surfactant, amphoteric, anionic, and two non-ionic surfactants). The results showed that the values of greenness index, leaf area, and total dry weight were highest under control (no herbicide application), and decreased as herbicide rate increased. Application of nitrogen sources and surfactants with herbicide separately increased its efficiency compared to the non-use of additives, so that ED90 decreased from 15 to 6 by ammonium nitrate and ammonium acetate and from 15 to 14 and 11.02 g ai ha-1 by sodium lauryl ether sulfate and castor oil ethoxylate, respectively. The mixture of surfactant and nitrogen with tribenuron methyl was more effective than herbicide application with each of these additives alone. Generally, the application of ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, or ammonium sulfate with lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, ammonium nitrate with castor oil ethoxylate, and ammonium acetate with sodium lauryl ether sulfate are recommended.

In order to investigate the effect of codacide adjuvant on the efficacy of clodinafop propargyl and tribenuron methyl, a field experiment was carried out on wheat at the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in Alborz province during 2013-2014 growing season. Treatments included tribenuron methyl at three doses (10. 5, 12. 75 and 15 g a. i. ha-1), tribenuron methyl at three doses (10. 5, 12. 75 and 15 g a. i. ha-1) + 0. 25% V/V codacide, clodinafop propargyl at three doses (0. 048, 0. 064 and 0. 08 L a. i. ha-1), clodinafop propargyl at three doses (0. 048, 0. 064 and 0. 08 L a. i. ha-1) + 0. 25% V/V codacide, and weed-free control. Herbicides were sprayed at tillering stage of wheat. Results showed that clodinafop propargyl at 0. 08 L a. i. ha-1 performed better regarding grass weed control and application of codacide adjuvant with this herbicide increased its efficacy. Application of tribenuron methyl (12. 75 g a. i. ha-1) + codacide resulted in highest reductions in broad-leaved weed density and dry matter (95% and 93%, respectively), which was not significantly different with weed-free control. Wheat biological yield (3275 kg ha-1), grain yield (2200 kg ha-1) and the number of fertile spikelets/spike (6. 26) were 22, 40 and 13% higher than the weed-infested control, respectively. The lowest yield among herbicide treatments belonged to tribenuron methyl (10. 5 g a. i. ha-1) with harvest index of 34. 04% and 36. 50 fertile spikelets/spike.

In order to study of efficiency Total dual purpose herbicide and mixed Granestar and Acsiyal herbicides, and response of wheat at growth various stages to the aforementioned herbicides, an experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted during 2008-2009 in a field experiment at Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Khouzestan.Treatments included using dual purpose herbicide Total and mixed herbicides Granestar and Acsiyal in growth difference stages (three-leaf, tillering, stem elongation, three-leaf plus stem elongation and heading). Meanwhile, two additional treatments no application herbicide was arranged as weeding and no cultivate control of weeds in full season. The results indicated that was significant effect (P<0.001) between different treatments for grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, tiller number m-2, spikelet per spike, spike length, plant height and dry weight of weeds m-2.Although for traits grain per spike, grain per spikelet and 1000-grains weight was not differed significantly. Throughout taken most, grain yield in Total herbicide of stages three-leaf plus stem, three-leaf and tillering, and of mixed herbicides in three-leaf stages, three-leaf plus stem, and tillering, respectively.