The aim of this study was a strain-improvement program for Trichoderma reesei PTCC 5142 by using a combination of UV light and NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) for enhanced cellulase production. Following mutagenesis after several rounds, mutant A6: 2 was selected from a total of 6500 colonies. Results obtained after 4 days were: Enzyme activity 1.26 U/ml and 0.82 U/ml for exoglucanase and endoglucanase, respectively. The comparative results showed increased production exoglucanase and endoglucanase by mutant A6: 2 than Trichoderma reesei PTCC 5142 to amount 130% for exoglucanase and 156% for endoglucanase.

The PageRank algorithm is one of the web-based classification methods used by Google search engine first. The main purpose of this algorithm was to determine the popularity of Web pages. The algorithm uses the web links structure to find important pages. One of the problems of PageRank and the same algorithms based on the web graph is that the number of a page is propagated to its output pages without any control while the output screen really is not really recommended by the previous page directly or indirectly. In this paper, by changing the original formula PageRank, a method has been proposed to prevent the entry of the input bonds to a single page of publication without gaining popularity. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, a single web graph is constructed, which in some nodes has a rating leap. This MUTATION decreases after the proposed algorithm is applied.

Introduction ore than 20 years have elapsed since the first single base pair substitution underlying an inherited disease in humans was characterized at the DNA level. Disease-associated gene lesions are currently collected and publicized by the Human Gene MUTATION Database (HGMD) in Cardiff, locusspecific MUTATION databases, and to some extent by the Genome Database (GDB) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) as comprehensive and up-to-date resources for information on genetic disorders and MUTATIONs causing them.1 – 4

Objective(s): Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is a high throughput approach for screening DNA sequence variations. To assess oven calibration, cartridge performance, buffer composition and stability, the WAVE Low and High Range MUTATION Standards are employed to ensure reproducibility and accuracy of the chromatographic analysis. The purpose of this study was to provide a cost-effective homemade MUTATION standard for DHPLC analysis.Materials and Methods: DHPLC was performed to evaluate different elution temperatures of a 374 bp DNA fragment with C>A MUTATION at position of 59 to achieve a peak profile similar to the Low MUTATION Standard. In order to verify the reproducibility of the homemade MUTATION standard using DHPLC, 15 different experiments were performed to compare the homemade MUTATION standard, the WAVE Low Range MUTATION Standard with a positive DNA control sample.Results: We identified a comparable elution temperature and a peak profile with the WAVE Low Range MUTATION Standard.Conclusion: This study confirmed the reproducibility of the peak profile of our homemade MUTATION standard compared to the Low MUTATION Standard using DHPLC analysis.

Seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were treated with various concentrations of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) for 24 hours. The treated seeds were transferred onto 1/2 MS solid medium under aseptic condition. Germination percentage, shoot and root lengths and qualitative characteristics of the treated seedlings were evaluated. Low concentrations of EMS did not have adverse effects on seed germination. However, increase in concentration reduced the seed germination. At concentrations higher than 65mM EMS, germination as well as root and shoot growth were completely blocked. The inhibitory effect of EMS on root growth significantly was higher than on shoot growth. Seeds treated with 25 mM EMS were grown under hydroponics condition and phenotypic changes of plants were evaluated. Only one plant exhibited phenotypic changes among treated population. Although leaf color change observed in one of the treated plants, other abnormalities were not observed in the population. The effect of UV-C on germinated seeds was evaluated via irradiation of the germinated seeds with 254 nm wave length. At various doses of the UV light, however, phenotypic changes or inhibitory effects did not observe in the treated plants. In order to MUTATION induction in alfalfa, application of suitable concentrations of EMS gave the best results. However, irradiation of the germinated seeds with various doses of 254 nm UV beam, did not affect the germinated seeds of alfalfa.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a heterogonous disorder with complex etiology. The frequency of autosomal recessive inheritance defects was elevated in a consanguineous family. Methods: In this study, high-throughput DNA sequencing was performed in an Iranian consanguineous family with two affected individuals to find potential causative variants. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out on the proband and Sanger sequencing was implemented for validation of the likely causative variant in the family members. Results: A novel homozygous missense MUTATION (p. Arg122Trp) was detected in the PTRHD1 gene. Conclusion: PTRHD1 has been recently introduced as a candidate ID and Parkinsonism causing gene. Our findings are in agreement with the clinical spectrum of PTRHD1 MUTATIONs; however, our affected individuals suffer from ID manifestations.

Dear EditorProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in American men and second leading cause of cancer-related death. One in six men will get PCa during his lifetime and around 30,000 America men died of PCa in 2013. Gene MUTATIONs have been linked to PCa initiation and progression. For example, studies have shown that men with MUTATIONs in BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 have increased risk for PCa (1-3) and germline MUTATIONs of RNASEL have been associated with inherited PCa. However, there are conflicting views regarding the role RNASEL in the etiology of sporadic prostate cancer.