Signature is one of the personal identification methods. In this paper we have proposed a signature identification approach which is based on using dynamic information of signature video. It composes of four stages. First, the foreground image is extracted. Second the signature shape is obtained by detecting and tracking the pen tip in each frame. The pen tip detection error rate is decreased using a proposed modification. Third, some features based on energy motion image are calculated. At the last stage, the signature model is formed which is used in signature identification procedure.We have generated a signature video database of 50 persons to evaluate the proposed method. The number of 13 signatures of each person are used for training. In addition 8 genuine and 8 fake signatures are used for testing purposes. The Accuracy and Equal Error Rate measures areobtained as 95.02% and 3.8% respectively.

Guardianship and citizenship among Arabs changed from a system based on blood and lineage to an institution based on faith with frequent expressions of the Holy Qur’an. However, the Qur'an has not stated anything against the guardianship legal procedures that existed before Islam. How should this silence be interpreted next to the tremendous visionary and political revolution that has created in the pre-Islamic guardianship system? The current research has reviewed the issue of the legislative model of the Qur'an in the system of guardianship and citizenship with descriptive-analytical method. Investigations show that the Qur'an in the very first step of its revelation confirmed the pre-Islamic procedures of citizenship rights with its silence, and later, only to correct some rejected decrees such as adoption, Qur’an made foundational statements. The result is that in the combination of these silences and Qur'anic statements, the legal aspect of guardianship has been formed in Islam and the citizenship status of believers, infidels, non-Muslim subject, infants, slaves, freed slaves and natural and national apostates has been clarified.

Due to the necessity of international interactions and protection of the country’ sinterests in the field of trade and commerce at the national and international levels, the “ National Accreditation Center of Iran” is established and managed as an independent and impartial system to provide certification services. The National Accreditation Center of Iran, in order to gain international accreditation in the field of certification of certification bodies, through the process of parity assessment by the “ Asia-Pacific Accreditation Association” (PAC). Also, in implementing the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution, the Center is responsible for delegating part of the government’ s holdings to accredited institutions, and through interaction with other countries’ accreditation bodies, the executive affairs of the national registration of certification certificates are issued. It has compliance for its assessment agencies on its agenda. One of the tasks that can be transferred by the center is to certify the qualification of test and calibration laboratories according to ISO / IEC 17025 standard. Center-approved laboratories can work as subcontractors or as a partner laboratory with the National Standards Organization or other applicants for testing and calibration services. In this article, while explaining the accreditation procedures of the National Accreditation Center of Iran, with the introduction of Standard 17025, general requirements for competence, impartiality and coherence of laboratory operations, structural requirements, resources, facilities and environmental conditions, equipment, cognitive traceability, requirements Process, sampling, technical records, assessment of measurement uncertainty, assurance of results and reporting of results are provided according to standard 17025, which can be used by all organizations that have laboratory activities.