A lot of experts either have completely confirmed bureaucracy or have regarded it as inefficient and declining (History), for this reason, different dimensions of bureaucracy from different perspectives have always been criticized and analyzed (Background), however, the degree of the compatibility of its principles with Islam's teachings has not been evaluated (Problem), that is: Which principles of bureaucracy, to what extent and with what conditions, are confirmed by Islam.(Question) Our assumption is that contrary to the practice of western thinkers which either have completely rejected bureaucracy or have completely confirmed it, Islam has specific conditions for its implementation while confirming some of its principles. (Hypothesis) In the present paper, interpretive and comparative methods were used in data collection and analysis (Methodology) in order to find an answer to the question. (Objective) Investigations show that although the totality of the principles of bureaucracy can be accepted, Islam has considerations and conditions for each of its principles which in practice lead us towards basic redesigning like orbital structure instead of hierarchical structure (Finding).

Cities because of their characteristics have accepted different roles and functions therefore they show a different strength and influence. In the meantime, some of the cities are considered more for various reasons and therefore by achieving more power have predisposed for decreasing the importance of their downstream cities and lead to the urban primacy. The aim of this research, is to study the urban network of the cities of Gilan province. To this end, the models of rank-size, coefficient of variation, Jefferson and Davidson's primacy have been used. the method of this research is of descriptive-analytical and historical one. The study results of urban network in Gilan province indicates the undesired relations between cities. Rasht city in Gilan, considering its influence as the province centre has earned most strength in comparison with the other cities of province, for instance Bandar Anzali as one the most important cities in this province, has a very less influence compared with Rasht.Study of urban system in Gilan, in addition to the approval of existing the characteristics of urban primacy, indicates the formation of a special pattern in its cities which may be named as stair urban hierarchy system. In this system, cities can be classified and various several urban groups have caused more homogenous hierarchy system than entire of urban system in the province. Study of this system and mechanism of its function, can lead to identifying new dimensions of urban hierarchy system in other provinces and even country scale.

The period spanning middle of Qajar era to the first decade of Pahlavi is a part of Iran contemporary architecture which is influenced by inevitable alterations caused by modernity. Modern forms and figures have gradually changed spatial hierarchy of houses and their structure and consequently have led to a combinational style. A brief survey of spaces and chief elements of traditional houses of Sanandaj demonstrates these changes quite well. This paper tries to shed light on the prevalent style of spatial hierarchy of house entrances in transitional time period from tradition to modernity in Sanandaj. This research has been conducted using a theoretical approach and by a historical-interpretational method. In theoretical part, a qualitative approach is adopted and considering the literature history, effective factors on spatial quality evaluations are analyzed. The practical part of the research is carried out in two phases and by taking case studies under account. In this viewpoint, the theoretical part is firstly a brief appraisal of the architecture of the historical eras of Qajar and Pahlavi, evolution criteria and social revolutions of those periods as well. Moreover, assessment of houses based on historical periods has been done utilizing field studies, local survey, photography, house plan depicting and existing documents and plots. Secondly, based on acquired field and librarian information, all qualified houses for this research are compared and analyzed to attain a comprehensive understanding of their entrance spatial hierarchy. Findings of the research indicate that there has been a hierarchy in entrance of houses with traditional architecture pertinent to the needs of residents which is neglected to some extent by the designers in Pahlavi period. In conclusion it is admitted that by intermediate spaces, alongside the provision of confidentiality, it would be possible to achieve a proper definition of private and semi-private spaces in houses. Furthermore, disruption in functions and entities of other spaces could be avoided, which in turn leads to introducing a pattern for obtaining confidentiality; an inseparable principle of entity in Iranian architecture and culture.

Background: Power hierarchy, cohesion and family structure are the main component of every family. Families with disabled children may be affected with this structure and function. The aim of this study was to comparison of the power hierarchy, cohesion and family structure with disabled and non-disabled children in Bushehr from the perspective of their mothers (2015).Materials & Methods: In this Cross-sectional study, 150 mothers of disabled and non-disabled children in Bushehr city were selected by census and clusters method, respectively. Family structure, cohesion and hierarchy of mothers was assessed by using the Family System Test (FAST). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 18) and statistical tests carried out such as (Independent t-test, ANOVA and chi-square test.Results: Based on this results, there was no significant difference between the families in terms of power (p=0.22) but the cohesion of families with children with physical disabilities (p=0.0001, 1/90±0.54) and mentally (p=0.0001, 1.56±0.73) is less than the natural family (p=0.0001, 2.26±0.52), Also in terms of structure, there was no significant difference between families with healthy children and physical disability and mentally (p=0.05).Conclusion: Findings showed that the cohesion of families with disabled children are more vulnerable than healthy family. In the first step, awareness of young couples about the outcome of the birth of a disabled child is necessary and inevitable and in second step, providing training and adequate support to families with disabled child.

The most basic issue in this article is to understand how the hierarchy of authority in the family and its changes are represented in social melodrama films with family themes that were best sellers in the period from 2008 to 2018. In the current study, based on contemporary approaches in the field of sociology of gender, an attempt has been made to consider power and culture as the key elements in the analysis of films, beyond male and female, to understand power relations in the Iranian family. To analyze this issue in the period mentioned in the research samples, John Fiske’s semiotics model has been used so that while describing the distribution of family authority in these films, we can take a long look at the hierarchy of family authority and its changes. The results indicate that during a decade, we initially see the presence of hegemonic and less hegemonic masculinity and emphatic femininity in these films. In the middle of the decade, the presence of resistant women is more visible, but at the end of this decade, i.e. from 2016 to 2018, hegemonic men and emphatic women are the most important pattern of distribution of authority in the family in these films. What is important in this article is to pay attention to a different aspect compared to the results obtained from previous studies.