Employment challenges or employment and unemployment, are not only one of the most important social problems in our country, but, regarding to the growth of population in the last two decades, they can be considered as one of the most vital social challenges in coming decades. The immediate aftermath of this crisis, i.e. the spread of poverty and the increase of other social offense phenomena such as robbery, addiction, etc., put the social stability and unity in danger. The agricultural sector is one of the crucial economic sectors that, though lacking some necessary requirements, we should ask it for help to face the employment challenges in the country. Putting emphasis on a comprehensive development, many new job creations can be achieved through the agricultural sector; and from there the intensity of unemployment crisis in the society will be lessened. The factors involving in agricultural employment are divided into: internal factors (qualitative and quantitative structures of the sector) and external factors (economic, political and social features of the society). Therefore, all variables effective in this process can be investigated and argued in four general domains (micro systems):1.Environmental structure domain and natural factors relating to economic activities in agricultural sector. 2.Management and executive structure domain including legal regulations, manpower skills, and labour force relationships.3.Social domain including rural population, life and work condition in agricultural sector. 4.Cultural domain including public attitudes towards agricultural activities. In this survey discussing employment crisis in the country, the main variables affecting the employment structure in agriculture are considered highly. These variables are studied according to the capacity and structural problems of the sector, and based on the requirement framework. for developing employment within a micro-famework.

Agricultural sector is the most important sectors in the country which has a large share in total employment. The increasing supply of labor because population growth and low capacity of production cause the country with high rate of unemployment. Therefore, stand with this crisis is one of the most important works of government. In this study using Artificial Neural Network, the employment is forecasted by 1958-2004 data for 14 years later and results show that the trend of employment in agricultural sector in later years first is diminished and then increased.

Trade liberalization affects various economic variables and sectors especially employment in developing countries. Agricultural sector has a considerable share in total employment in Iran. Therefore, identifying factors affecting employment in agricultural sector seems to be a necessity. With respect to the importance of this issue, present study has investigated the effect of trade liberalization on the Iranian agricultural employment. Hence, labor demand function in agricultural sector was estimated for the period of 1971-2007. Using Johanson-Joselius and Error-Correction models, the long term and short term relations among the variables were estimated. Based on these findings, trade liberalization has had a negative impact on the employment of Iranian agricultural sector both in log and short term. On this basis, policymakers should minimize negative effects of trade liberalization on the employment of Iranian agricultural sector through development of new industries in rural areas.

Because of emphasis of exchange rate in macro variable of agriculture sector, exchange rate overshooting has Survey on the employment in the agriculture section. The time series data used of 1978- 2011 in this study. So, Mundell-Fleming and Dornbush Model used for analysis of exchange rate. After survey the exchange rate, estimated Real exchange rate by Vector Auto Regression model (VAR). Then exchange rate overshooting calculated with difference of real exchange rate and residual. In the second step, exchange rate overshooting analyzed on the employment of agriculture section by Auto Regressive Distributed lag model (ARDL). The result show, exchange rate overshooting has important and negative efficacy on the employment of agriculture, capital has positive effect on depend variable. Those shows are natural and expected in the in the economy of Iran. Also Error Correction Model show 29 percent adjustment in each term and will going to near the long-run.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors in Iran’ s economy which has a high share of gross national product. This sector has also a significant contribution to the country's employment and process of economic development. On the other hand, agricultural sector plays an important role in creating employment for villagers and it also prevent the acceleration of migration from rural areas to urban areas. Hence, identification of factors which affect labor demand in agricultural sector is of great importance. In order to investigate the effect of economic sanctions on employment of agricultural sector, first of all, we tried to use factor analysis method to create a new index for sanction to use in economic modeling. Then, the effects of economic sanctions on agricultural sector employment has been investigated using the simultaneous equation system method for the period of 1395-1355. According to the results, economic sanctions lead to increase in employment in agricultural sector.