Shadegan Wetland is located in the southwest of Iran. It is one of the wetlands internationally recognized in the Ramsar Convention. Thanks to its variety of functionalities, this wetland has provided the local people with lots of job opportunities. As a result of being located on the oilfields, this wetland has nowadays been threatened by many projects which are being run in its vicinity, namely oil exploration projects and so forth which are running economic-environmental valuations. Lack of data about the economic value of the wetland has prevented such valuations. The objective of this study is to estimate the total economic value of Shadegan Wetland taking into account its use and non-use values. To achieve this goal, direct use value was first calculated using the market-based method. Subsequently, indirect use value, option value, and non-use value (existence value) were estimated using the method of choice experiment. Based on the results of this study, annual direct use, indirect use, option, and non-use values of this wetland were estimated to be $187104167494, $58568264206752217 and $387974436448, respectively. Also, based on the calculations performed, it was found that over 50,000 jobs have been created by Shadegan Wetland such that its total value accounts for 7.1 percent of Khuzestan province’s GDP. The time period of this study was the year 2014.

Wetlands surrounding communities have enormous benefits of this natural capital. Economic valuation study of society’s preferences for any change in the status of wetlands, can be direct or indirect interests them money and provide useful information to the planners. Bamdezh wetland is one of four large wetland with an area of 4000 hectares in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran is located. In this study, using market prices for direct use value of wetland have been calculated for 2015. The interests of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and fishing respectively. Also, using the model of the willingness to pay for nonmarket characteristics of wetlands, including the natural landscape, ecological function and biodiversity has been estimated. The values obtained for the willingness to pay was extended to the whole of society and thus the annual value of use and nonuse values were obtained. Finally, in the absence of social interest rate and using the real interest rate in agriculture and natural resources, all the annual values obtained were converted to the total value. This number was 47289 billion, equivalent to 1.9 billion dollars, which represents positive values and preferences of society to protect its wetlands. So any protection program by policy makers and managers will be actively supported by the population if the level of public awareness about the values improves. The results of this study as a basic reference can be studied in this context.

Wetlands are high-efficiency ecosystems that play an important role in the well-being of human societies. However, the health of these valuable ecosystems around the world, especially in developing countries, is severely affected by environmental pressures from human activities. Wetlands are known as one of the important centers for meeting the needs of recreation, On the other hand, given the growing demand of the people for the use of recreational resources and a study of the demands of the people to provide the necessary facilities and facilities, it is important. Economic valuation is a useful tool for estimating and comparing the benefits of wetlands and the costs associated with protecting them. In this research, the economic valuation of Pirsalman wetland has been investigated using the method of individual travel cost and linear functional form. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. Data were collected cross-sectionally and surveyally at the level of wetland visitors in 2019. Based on the results, marital status, occupation, age, income, distance to the lagoon and travel costs are the most effective factors on the number of annual visits. The surplus of individual consumers for the average number of visits was 1391500 Rials. Therefore, the surplus of the individual consumer is estimated at 347875 Rials per visit. Also, the total number of annual visits to the lagoon is estimated at 650, 000 people. Therefore, the surplus of the expected total consumer is estimated at 22611875000000 Rials, which indicates the annual recreational value of the wetland. The results of this study provide valuable information to improve the recreational level of Pirsalman Wetland and can be useful for decision makers in long-term planning.

One of the goals of watershed management operations is preservation and restoration of welfare values of residents. Wetlands as a part of watershed are always important in viewpoint of ecosystem, environment and promenade. Protecting value of wetland includes the benefits obtained from conservation of non-use functions of the ecosystem. This study determined the protecting value of Gomishan Wetland in Golestan province using conditional valuation with double-bounded dichotomous choice questionnaire. For this purpose, the questionnaires were distributed among the visitors in 2010 after regional interview. The results indicate that the average people willingness to pay for wetland conservation was 6.58$ and 35.41$ per year for each person and household (5.4 person), respectively. The protective value of the wetland was estimated about 2520000$. Based on the result of the study, it is recommended that policy makers should improve the quality of ecosystem capabilities by allocating sufficient funding.

Background and Objective: International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is located in the South East of Iran. This wetland is important for vegetation characteristics such as mangrove forests and due to the overall status is the most important wetland for many migratory birds and marine organisms like fish and sea turtles. The aim of this study was to economically evaluate the non-consumption values of environmental resources of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and to sensitize regional and national services to the study areas as environmental assets and to promote its position in development policy. Method: This research were carrying out to determine non-consumptive values (the value of conservation, heritage and existence) of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland and measure individual’ s willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation and recreational benefits based on contingent valuation (CV) and dichotomous choice (DC) in 2015. In this regards, the value of biological, cultural, natural and existential interest in hunting, willingness to pay for wildlife habitat, air pollution control, vision and values protected by the state visit, the positive effects on agricultural wetlands and wildlife value of the area in terms of three functions, recreation and tourism and improve the climate of the region is estimated. Random sampling, 315 questionnaires were collected from residents. Findings: The mean of willingness to pay for preservation value of this wetland is 48965 RLs. The results show that the total economic value of non-use functions of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland is about 78. 285. 220. 701 rials. Discussion and Conclusion: Results revealed that International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland had considerable preservation and recreational values. Thus, these values provide enough justification for policy makers to maintain the quality of International Govater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Wetland, and avoid degrading wetland resources.

Wetland valuation is an important tool available to environmental managers and decision makers to justify the overal costs of wetland conservation and management activities. Currently, policymakers and planners do not have the right toolbox with easy access to assess the economic value of wetland ecosystems. It is obvious that quoting quantitative and monertary values in expressing the value of each resource will be an efficient and effective tool to justify the goals of sustainable development and environmental protection, and this is possible by having a clear guidance model. Economic valuation of ecosystem services is a useful tool to support ecosystem management decisions and help decision makers to protect the ecosystem more effectively. Estimating the economic value and costs of environmental damage to wetland ecosystems can be effective in preserving values and preventing their degradation. The aim of this study is to integrate the economic valuation and costs of environmental damage to the Iranian wetlands ecosystem services as part of the process of determining the economic value of natural resources. Existence of basic and practical model and guidance for wetland valuation can help interested users in identifying values, choosing valuation techniques appropriate to each value, and in general, guiding in the correct way of valuing goods and services and also in applying management and executive policies in line with the goals of sustainable development. The main purpose of this study is to show, using a conceptual framework, how to estimate the environmental values and costs of wetland ecosystem services. رIn this study, by reviewing selected articles and instructions related to the research topic, step-by-step steps for estimating the economic values and costs of environmental damage to the Iranian wetlands ecosystem services are presented.

The functions of wetlands are water supply, livestock supply, wildlife refuge, employment and human uses, research and training, climate adjustment and recreational services. The purpose of this study is to estimating the economic value of Gandoman international wetland with area of over 1100 hectares in 2017 and provide it to the relevant authorities for its further protection. Data collection tool is questionnaire and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression using SPSS and SHAZAM software. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between the bid amount and the probability of respondentschr('39') willingness to pay at 5 percent. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between monthly income and age variables of visitors with the probability of willingness to pay at 10 percent. In addition, according to the concept of the marginal effect, a unit increase in the bid amount, monthly income and age of the respondents would decrease 0. 09 percent in probability of willingness to pay and would increase 19 and one percent in probability of willingness to pay, respectively. Based on estimated Logistic model, the expected value(average) of willingness to pay for each visitor is 5831. 2 Toomans and total recreational value of Gandoman international wetland is approximately 175 million Toomans.

The present paper investigates soil valuation and explores the intricacies associated with the development of a standard framework for a sound soil valuation system. Drawing upon a review of studies conducted across the world, we identify the techniques commonly used in estimating the economic value of soil that best suits the conditions in Iran. The ‘ ecosystem services’ and ‘ total economic value’ (TEV) frameworks are being currently employed for economic valuation of environmental resources and that of soil as the main component of the environment. A variety of methods have been developed for estimating the economic profits of ecosystem services and the costs arising from ecosystem degradation. In most cases, base cost estimation involves replacement cost, opportunity cost, damage cost avoid, and replacement cost methods. Study of the implementation of these methods as well as their associated requirements including soil nutrient content and current land use as well as soil conservation and watershed management practices in use reveal that the above methods can be effectively implemented because not only the required infrastructure but also the necessary data are currently available at the state-level. A salient feature of these methods is that they guarantee more tangible and calculable advantages, basic significance for environmental resources, and nonrecurrent concerns about environmental commodities; care must, however, be taken in the measurement system employed for the monetary value of resources during environmental assessment since only investment and labor revenues are taken into account while the revenues due to the exploitation of vital resources and services are ignored and never ever included in the absence of a pricing policy, which obviously causes the values of natural resources to remain unaccounted for in economic estimations.