Background: Nowadays we are facing significant advances in technology. Virtual reality, which is considered as one of these novel technologies, has been entered into many different areas of our lives, from video games to various industrial uses as well as education, travel, healthcare, entertainment and research. Despite the benefits of virtual reality, the attitudes of patients toward using it are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a questionnaire to assess accepting virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders. Methods: This design and evaluation of tools study was conducted in two phases including design of the questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability in 1400. In this study, CVR and CVI coefficients were used to evaluate the content validity and its external reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha method. Results: In the current study, the content validity index was calculated to be 0. 8, which is an acceptable value for this questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0. 7 and the correlation between the questions shown to be acceptable at a significant level of 0. 0001 Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that the questionnaire has high validity and reliability to assess the acceptance of virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating e-learning courses based on Merrill's first principles of instruction and Keller's motivational design and its correlation with learning progress and satisfaction in higher education. In this correlational research, 546 undergraduate students of Iranian universities participating in e-learning courses were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The evaluation of the quality of the courses was done using the evaluation tool for effective instruction quality based on first principles of instruction and motivational - volitional design for which the reliability coefficient was 0.79. The learning progress was measured using learning progress scale for which the reliability coefficient was 0.75. The level of satisfaction from the course was measured by course satisfaction scale for which the reliability coefficient was 0.83. The results of correlation tests, analysis of variance and multivariate regression showed a positive and significant correlation between the integration of first principles of instruction and motivational-volitional elements with learning progress and student satisfaction. Meanwhile, the activation, demonstration, integration, problem solving, attention, communication, self-regulation and environmental control principles and elements showed the highest correlation with these variables. In general, the results indicated a significant relationship between first principles of instruction and motivational design with the quality of e-learning courses.

The aim of this study was to understand flipped instructors in Iranian higher education, emphasizing its benefits for learners that instructors face when teaching in flipped classes in a public university. In particular, this study listed the best strategies for implementing flipped classrooms. The present study was a qualitative study in terms of purpose and in terms of research method it was considered qualitative based on interpretive paradigm and with inductive approach. The research tool in this study included a semi-structured interview used to collect information. Thirteen professors who had previously taught in flipped were interviewed. The data were analyzed using content analysis method. The peer review was used to increase the reliability and validity of the analysis. The findings of this study showed several benefits related to the use of flipped teaching method in Iranian higher education including: 1) increasing the quality of learning, 2) strengthening high-level thinking and 3) socializing learners. These findings could potentially be used as a guide for educators who want to use the flipped classroom method to improve their students' learning outcomes.

پژوهش حاضر با هدف سنتز ادبیات مربوط به دانشگاه مهارت محور در راستای شناسایی مولفه های دانشگاه مهارت محور در نظام آموزش عالی کشور انجام شده است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و با روش کیفی فراترکیب انجام شده است. جامعه آماری، کلیه مطالعات انجام شده در بازه زمانی 1380 الی 1401 است. در این راستا 38پژوهش در زمینه موضوع موردنظر ارزیابی و درنهایت 22 پژوهش به صورت هدفمند انتخاب گردید و با تحلیل محتوا و ترکیب ادبیات مربوط، درمجموع 126 کد،12 مفهوم، 7 مقوله کلیدی طی فرایند جست وجو و ترکیب نظام مند متون شناسایی و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت و اعتبار آن از طریق آزمون کاپای کوهن تأیید گردید. نتایج تحلیل نشان داد، که مهم ترین مولفه های کلیدی شناسایی شده شامل: دولت، ماموریت و رسالت های دانشگاه، پژوهش، آموزش، ارتباط با صنعت، فرهنگ و تعامل با محیط بین الملل است. این پژوهش ازآن جهت که درک عمیقی از ادبیات موجود در مورد موضوع پژوهش با شناسایی مولفه های دانشگاه مهارت محور ارائه می دهد، می تواند در سیاست گذاری های نظام آموزش عالی کشور در راستای توسعه مهارت محوری در نظام آموزش عالی کشور مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

Today, change in universities and higher education centers is a necessity due to the ongoing changes in the nature students, society, as well as their needs and experiences. Therefore, universities and higher education centers should be aware of the changes in their environment. The purpose of this study was to design a framework of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem. This qualitative research was conducted using the seven-level qualitative meta-synthesis of Sandelowski and Barros (2007). The meta-synthesis team consisted of three people including experts in the field of higher education who were proficient in the meta-synthesis method. The corpus of the study included 52 related research papers selected for the purpose of analysis, and by analyzing the data, the basic themes were extracted and placed in the 25 first level organizer themes. Next, the organizers of the first level in the 4 themes of the second level organizer include Stakeholders and actors, entrepreneurial curriculum, enablers, entrepreneurial university leadership. Finally, the framework of the university-based entrepreneurship ecosystem was formed. The presentation of this framework helps the trustees of the higher education field to use it to provide the requirements and grounds for the establishment of a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine three important concepts in educational content, including knowing, skilling, and being, and applying them to the book of Islamic thought 1, authored by Mehdi Teratifi, in order to explain new educational topics related to Islamic education courses were in universities. In the integrated training, the examination of these three has been carried out under the abbreviated title of umbrella KDB. Method: In this article, by conducting research using a library method and with a descriptive, explanatory and interdisciplinary approach, the needs of educational contents to reach the desired standards in integrated education and especially the KDB umbrella are stated. Conclusion: The result considered in this article is the answer to the following three important questions in compiling the educational content and applying it to the Islamic Thought textbook 1: What should learners know, what should they do and how should they be? Since the answer to these questions is one of the concerns of experts in curriculum development, especially with the trend of interdisciplinary education, paying attention to them should be one of the requirements of writing textbooks. It should be mentioned that the comparative work done in this article has no noteworthy research background.

The current research was conducted with the aim of understanding the lived experiences of student-teachers of the implemented curriculum of the primary education field in Teacher Training University. The qualitative research approach and the descriptive phenomenological research method were based on Husserl's theory, the participants of the research were students and teachers in the field of elementary education at Teacher Training University of Arak, (Iran) which was conducted using a purposeful sampling approach and using a semi-structured interview with 65 students of elementary education at Teacher Training University of Arak. The data analysis was conducted through a descriptive method based on the Claysey approach, which was implemented using Max Kyoda 12 software. The findings of the research indicated that in the coding process, 4 main categories (reduced by the researcher), 22 sub-categories (reduced) and 55 open categories (suspended) were identified. The lived experiences of the student-teachers were similar in the main and secondary codes, but different in the open codes. The main codes included: acquiring ability in the field of teaching method, using information and communication technology, developing cognitive ability, helping students solve learning problems. According to the results of the research, it was observed that the experiences gained by student teachers overlapped with the topics of the elementary education curriculum, which indicated alignment with the intended goals of the elementary education curriculum of Teacher Training University.

هرچند تالاب ها زمانی بهترین تفرجگاه­های ایران به شمار می­رفتند، ولی در اثر عواملی همچون مدیریت غیرکارا، تعارض انسان-تالاب، تعارضات اجتماعی و عوامل طبیعی، بسیاری از آنها امروزه خشک شده و از بین رفته­اند. مقاله حاضر با هدف ساماندهی تالاب هشیلان کرمانشاه از طریق ظرفیت­سازی و مشارکت اجتماعی، بر اساس یافته­های حاصل از اجرای طرح ساماندهی تالاب هشیلان با رویکرد ظرفیت­سازی اجتماعی انجام شده است. شیوه پژوهش، مشارکتی با کارکرد تحقیق در عمل است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، نهادهای محلی و دولتی و همچنین زنان و مردان روستاهای حوضه تالاب مخصوصاً روستاییان هشیلان است. برای ساماندهی تالاب هشیلان، از ابزار سیپا (برقراری ارتباط، آموزش و آگاهی عمومی) به عنوان ابزاری برای ظرفیت­سازی و مشارکت اجتماعی استفاده شد. برای برقراری ارتباط با جامعه و نهادهای محلی و دولتی در جهت برجسته‏ سازی اهمیت تالاب، جشنواره­ای برگزار و کارگاه­های آموزشی برای مردم روستای هشیلان اجرا شد. همچنین در راستای ارائه برنامه­های راهبردی، نشست­ هایی با معتمدان محلی تدارک دیده شد و از طریق پرسشنامه موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. داده‏ها با نرم افزار SPSS26 تحلیل شدند و تکنیک SWOT مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. طبق نتایج، برقراری ارتباط، آموزش، آگاهی و همچنین برگزاری جلسات آموزشی، مهم ترین عوامل مؤثر در حفاظت و حمایت از تالاب هشیلان به دست آمدند. همچنین توسعه گردشگری و بهره­برداری پایدار می تواند نقش مهمی در توانمندسازی جوانان روستایی و کسب درآمد پایدار داشته و زمینه را برای کاهش مهاجرت آنها به نقاط اطراف فراهم کند.