Wind turbines are exposed to a variety of faults some of which can cause irreparable economic losses. Therefore, identifying the faults in a short time, ensures the correct operation of the system and prevents the mentioned losses. In this paper, using a dynamic model for wind turbines which includes mechanical and electrical parts with appropriate details, an intelligent fault detection and isolation system is designed utilizing recurrent neural networks. The proposed system can identify the occurred faults in pitch sensors and pitch actuators. Then, in order to consider the robustness of the system, it is suggested to use an adaptive fuzzy threshold in decision making block. Simulation results for the fixed threshold, robust thresholds, and the proposed adaptive fuzzy threshold validate that the suggested adaptive threshold reduces the detection time. In addition, the number of false alarms, and the number of missed ones are reduced by using the intelligent fault detection system.

In this paper, a combined method to detect buildings from satellite imagery is presented. This method is based on combining data obtained by the local feature vectors and decision-making by applying adaptive thresholding the estimated probability distribution function, is conducted. Local Features serve as observations and location of buildings are used as joint random variables in order to estimate the probability density function. Then the locations of buildings are determined by considering modes of estimated probability density function and extracted features. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed method some satellite imagery of northern Tehran is used. Satellites North of Tehran building images are used in order to evaluate our proposed method. Tested images have different spatial contrast and resolution. Furthermore, tested buildings contain variety of characteristics which allows us representing our simulation with sufficient diversity. Experimental results of 32 different images in Tehran have shown that proposed method can be detected existing buildings in satellite imagery with fewer errors and more accurately.

Compressive sampling (CS) is a new technique for simultaneous sampling and compression of signals in which the sampling rate can be very small under certain conditions. Due to the limited number of samples, image reconstruction based on CS samples is a challenging task. Most of the existing CS image reconstruction methods have a high computational complexity as they are applied on the entire image. To reduce this complexity, block-based CS (BCS) image reconstruction algorithms have been developed in which the image sampling and reconstruction processes are applied on a block by block basis. In almost all the existing BCS methods, a fixed transform is used to achieve a sparse representation of the image. however such fixed transforms usually do not achieve very sparse representations, thereby degrading the reconstruction quality. To remedy this problem, we propose an adaptive block-based transform, which exploits the correlation and similarity of neighboring blocks to achieve sparser transform coefficients. We also propose an adaptive soft-thresholding operator to process the transform coefficients to reduce any potential noise and perturbations that may be produced during the reconstruction process, and also impose sparsity. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms several prominent existing methods using four different popular image quality assessment metrics.

This paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and threshold vector autoregressive model and the data years 1338 to 1391 is investigated. In this connection, when using the threshold model, the studied period observations based on positive or negative output gap was divided into two regimes. Impulse response functions results from the linear model indicate that reduced tax revenues and increased government spending as fiscal stimulus have led to increasing economic growth, but the impact of government spending is greater than tax revenues. Increasing government spending is most effective in threshold model, also. In addition, comparison of Impulse response functions from linear and threshold model show that response of GDP to tax revenues in linear model and positive output gap are almost identical. However, the effect of increasing government spending on GDP in linear model is very different from high regime. GDP response to tax revenues and government spending in lower regime is also different from the linear model. Accordingly, the expansionary fiscal policies multipliers are dependent on economic conditions in terms of the output gap.

In this paper, adaptive thresholding at the wavelet transform is utilized for improving the industrial radiography images. The quality of radiographic images is a very effective parameter in the defect determining by the experts. Therefore, the defect detection capabilities can be improved by the image processing algorithms. In this research, two-stage adaptive thresholding method has been used to improve the contrast of the inspected areas. The radiographic image is decomposed to several sub-bands using the wavelet function and the obtained coefficients are corrected by the threshold function. Then, the inverse wavelet transform is applied for obtaining the corrected image. Unlike the usual methods, in the threshold function of this method, the coefficient of under the threshold level is not zero and weakened by the multi-polyminal function. The advantages of this method are the continuity and derivability at threshold level. The proposed algorithm is implemented to the several radiographs of standard welded objects with known defects. The results have been evaluated by industrial radiography experts and show that the defect regions are clearer in reconstructed images than the original radiograph according to the operator perception analysis. Mean while, the dimensions and style of defects can be evaluated more precisely by this method.

The first few paragraphs of a novel, or any other masterpiece, form one of the key elements of the text: the decisive threshold by which the reader enters the imaginary world and the author passes between silence and discourse. French critics use the term "incipit" to refer to this part and study it from different points of view. After briefly looking at the evolution of this term and putting forward a relevant Persian equivalent, this paper insists on the particular importance of "the First Part of a Text". The paper then recalls its particular roles and how to determine its limits, as well as analyzing concepts such as "Essential Principles of Imaginary World", "Para- Textual Elements" and "Reading Contracts". It should be noted that some examples of Persian novels and short stories will be cited while explaining the above topics and analyzing the said concepts in order to facilitate understanding and grasp of the subject matter.

This paper presents robust fault detection based on adaptive thresholds for a three axis satellite. For this purpose, first we described the attitude control system (ACS) as a quasi linear parameter model. Next, an interval observer has been designed that based on, effect of the satellite parameter uncertainties has been propagated into the alarm limits and so the adaptive thresholds are generated. In this paper, it is shown that the developed method minimizes the missing alarm rates, also this approach detects small or incipient faults more effectively than the classical fault detection algorithms with constant thresholds. In the next part of paper, we propose an isolation algorithm using the fault tree approach. Also, an accommodation system has been designed based on reconfiguration of available actuators. Accordingly, after isolation of faulty reaction wheels, the accommodation system turns them off and replaces the suitable magnetic tourqers instead of the faulty reaction wheels and so the attitude control error is maintained limited.

Many scholars believe that social modernity in Iran has been started far earlier than Reza Shah Pahlavi’s era and its up-down modernization projects. It is also argued that there has been an innate social process of modernity with a gradual development since Qajar period. So it can be questioned that which one of the two cultural models of Modernity and Tradition has been dominating Qajar artifacts and if there were any clear footsteps of cultural patterns of modernity in everyday life spaces of ordinary people of that time. Here, this question is inquired from the guest’s viewpoint of home spatiality. Beginning from this question then domestic examples from first period of introducing modernity to Iran (since Qajar to starting years of Pahlavi Dynasty), with an emphasize on the cases of city of Tabriz are studied concentrating on the effects of Tradition and Modernity culture on spatial patterns of hospitality within these houses.The hypothesis of productive effect of “self-other” dialectic on domestic spaces of modern era is put into critical debate. Three basic patterns of domestic spaces (minimal house, maximal house and collective house) are analyzed from spatial-cultural relations viewpoint. Each of these three patterns has its special theoretical debate in western discourse of early modernity. For each pattern, two examples of Tabriz Qajar houses are selected for analyzing guest space: Amir-Nezam house and Behnam House are considered as maximalist type, Alavi House and Sehhati house as minimal examples and Rastgar house as semicommunity house. So the research method is historical-interpretive based on historical texts, assessments and pictures as well as buildings.The maximal pattern is bourgeois’ that is manifested in Victorian examples. In this pattern all spaces are arranged upon a theatrical scene in which actors are homeowners and audiences are guests. This theatrical model as Goffman argued has been extended to contemporary western house. Introduction of large variety of rooms for various presences of guests can be interpreted as a byproduct of this culture. In comparison, in its Iranian counterpart there is no considerable social distance between the host and the guest in spatial order of a conventional party. Such a view has resulted in unifying of guest receiving space and living space which is placed at the central axis of house. This axial position is a socio-cultural characteristic of guest’s spatiality which is not restricted to maximalist ones. Any separation among people during guest presence would be upon vast family divisions which has no relation to guests. As our study shows, heavy interior decoration of bourgeois’ internal design is eliminated in many houses of rich men of Qajar. Two minimalist patterns of early modernity are arguable: dirty houses of Industrial revolution and what has been called “the minimum dwelling” by modernists. The latter is a product of modernists’ social project which was basedon reducing home-living in the favor of social presence. It was an essential step to deny private sphere. The guest’s spatiality here was seen as being with others in out-of-home places. So restaurant and saloons occupied the place of parlors. Searching for Iranian transformation like that model contains a reverse result. This study shows that in Qajar small houses of Tabriz, there were no conceptual difference in comparison with maximalist houses while historical documents show no sign of development of out-of-home places for guests. The third pattern is the community houses that were seen as utopias of the project of modernity. From the view point of guests’ spatiality, this pattern is movement towards denying any distance between self and other so the stranger becomes host as well as guest. In utopist text of William Morris (News from Nowhere) such a position is articulated. It has been argued by many writers of western culture that it has been common pattern of medieval society that has been destroyed by bourgeois’ culture. If the utopia were to be realized then strangers should be accepted in common spaces without any exception and if the socialist utopia was going on, then maximizing the use of common facilities would be seen as an instrument of saving the community. Private guests, in that sense, should make use of common facilities instead of host’s ones (the example of socialist Russia housing projects). Khanghah of Daravish in the Islamic word pursues such a pattern with the exception of absence of family i.e. these places where completely masculine spaces. So these could not be extended to dwelling patterns of traditional Iran. In Tabriz of Qajar era, there were no similar examples to multifamily apartments of early 20th century socialists’ utopias as well as utopian community ones. The only close examples to utopian patterns of modern guests’ spatiality in Tabriz are rare hotels of late Qajar and a house (Rastgar) with a linear and multi-unit plan that cannot be considered as a Qajar house.It could be said that social analysis of guests’ spatiality of modernity is heavily based on resolving the dialectic of otherness in western society of 19 century. This study shows that real patterns of modernity for guest’s spatiality at home differs greatly from its counterparts of Qajar Iran and therefore, Qajar houses could be interpreted far more persuasively with their traditional patterns than modern ones. So now it is possible to put some query on the hypothesis which stresses on the fact that if there was not obligatory modernization project of Rezashah, then there would have been an innate Iranian Modernity. Full openness toward strangers which were embedded at the center of utopian views of modern intellectuals and at the focal point of modern utopias, had no essential meaning in domestic culture of Qajar era in Iran because acceptance of guest as a member of family was so deep in cultural-spatial patterns of those people that modern utopian perspective of fading “otherness” in spatial arrangement of home hospitality brought no new message to people of that era. So it is conceivable that the theory of innate cultural permutation of Islamic and traditional lifestyle of Iranians without Rezashah’s projects cannot be easily confirmed for social history of Iran.