Identification of financial market returns requires attention to the dynamics in the process of adjusting to the long-run equilibrium in these markets, and this is of particular importance to policy makers and investors of the capital market in view of the volatility of other markets, such as the foreign exchange market and gold in Iran. Has enjoyed. In this paper, the convergence between the returns of the stock market and the returns of the foreign exchange market, as well as the return on the stock market and the gold market in Iran, are based on daily data of gold prices, foreign currency and stock price index during the period of 10/10/2010 to 31 / The study of 1396/1496. The results of the coherent coherent patterns on the relations between these markets indicate that in the equation of stock returns and gold, a high diet that includes deviations from the equilibrium is greater than the threshold value, Iran is the dominant regime. Also, in the equation of returns of stock markets and currencies, deviations from long-run equilibrium below the threshold and in the low-level diet include more than 90% of the observations. But in the relationship between markets, the moderation rate in both regimes is statistically significant, and this adjustment is made for deviations greater than the threshold value more quickly.

This paper studies the validity of Wagner law in selected OIC (Organization of Islamic Conference) member states by classifying them based on their income levels and degrees of corruption. For doing so, the Pesaran Cross-sectional Dependency (CD) test, cross-sectional augmented ADF (CADF) as well as Wasteland and Edgerton's panel co integration tests have been employed. To estimate the coefficients, the continuous-updated and fully modified (CUPFM) estimator has been used. The results confirm validity of Wagner law in all economies, having different income levels and corruption degrees.

The industrialization of developed countries shows that level of increase of employment in economic sectors is one of the important indexes of economic growth.The main purpose of this research is to study the effective factors on employment of industrial sector in Iran.The effective factors are capital stocks, value added, real wage and price index of fuel in industrial sector. Also, the effect of labor law (dummy variable) has been studied. The results of Johansen co-integration test show the positive relation between employment, capital stock and value added; and the negative relation between employment, real wage, price index of fuel and dummy variable.

In this paper using nutrients elasticity tools, consumer behavior of urban and rural area was surveyed in long run and short run during 1981-2005. To calculate nutrients elasticity (as a main purpose of this paper), we use Huang and Lin demand model (2001) and Lan-Caster s consumption technology equation. Finally N=S *D matrix was employed to calculate nutrients elasticity, where N contained nutrients elasticity values (related to income variations), S also indicated the percentage of a specific nutrients in each food and D defined the demand elasticity matrix. According to subgroup of food income elasticity, we suggest to subsidize “bread, grains and their products” and also “milk and its products and egg” to enhance the quality level of consumption pattern of urban and rural areas. Also price elasticity of meat subgroups price is highest in urban societies and according to the lack of consumption effects of it, governmental implementation of supporting programs will be necessary. The result of income elasticity of nutrients shows that the more costs taken in each subgroup of foodstuff, the more is consumption of nutrients consumption.

In order to escape from fragile and uni-product export, it is necessary to recognize new export fields containing a comparative advantage. To achieve this goal, agricultural products, especially pistachio, can be considered as a desired field. In this connection this paper has tried to investigate factors affecting pistachio export in Iran. Time series data used in this study cover period 1979-2001 on supply of pistachio export, logarithmic index of exchange rate volatility and wholesale real price of pistachio were obtained from FAO statistical database, Central Bank and Pistachio Research center of Iran. The co-integration analysis approach named with ARDL was used to study. the long and short run relations between supply of pistachio export and its affecting variables. The results indicated that exchange rate volatility does not have a significant effect on supply of pistachio export in short and long run. In long run the coefficient of wholesale price of pistachio was positive and significant. The results of short run model also revealed that about 58 percent of short run deviations of export supply from its long-run equilibrium could be adjusted during one period. In other words, two years would be required for adjustment of a policy impacts completely. This desired rate of adjustment could create a suitable situation for policies encouraging export.

Undoubtedly, the Internet has affected the country's economic and financial interactions. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of Internet on economic growth has been studied. To this end, data of 140 countries collected in the period 1995 to 2010 and after review of data stationary and their cointegration with Pedroni Cointegration test, model is estimated by panel data approach. The model estimation results show that the rate of Internet access, capital stock, labor force, trade openness and per capita spending on education have positive and significant effects and inflation and government consumption spending have the negative impact on per capita GDP growth.

Stock markets are one of the most important parts of each economy. Identifying the effective factors on them helps to have an economy with good indicators. Identifying these factors leads to better policymaking and investment in the capital market. This paper evaluates the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange and Istanbul Stock Exchange during March 13, 2001 to November 6, 2015 by daily data. Granger causality method and Johansen cointegration test were used for investigating the causality and cointegration between two stocks respectively. The result showed that there was a unidirectional Granger causality from Istanbul Exchange Stock to Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the descriptive statistics showed the high correlation between two stocks. Finally, the result of Johansen cointegration test didn't confirm the existence of cointegration vector and long-run relationship between two stocks.