Introduction: Guggulsterone, derived from Commiphora mukul, is a potent hypolipidemic medication with low bioavailability and water insolubility. To address these challenges, the study aimed to formulate PHYTOSOMES and evaluate the efficacy of guggulsterone PHYTOSOMES (GPs) in reducing hyperlipidemia in rats on a high-fat diet. Methods: GPs were formulated by incorporating soya lecithin with a suitable solvent to enhance their efficacy against hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rats. The optimized GPs were characterized, and in vitro drug release pattern was examined. The hypolipidemic effect of GPs (25 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats over 28 days. Results: The GPs demonstrated favorable entrapment effectiveness with a particle size of 145. 4 nm and a zeta potential of-17. 8 mV. In terms of drug release, the GPs exhibited better stability and bioavailability, with a release of 92. 07 ± 1. 67% within 24 hours, compared to pure guggulsterone, which only released 28. 07 ± 0. 81%. GPs elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and significantly (P<0. 05) reduced triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and total cholesterol (TC), compared to their respective control groups. Moreover, GPs showed substantial (P<0. 05) antioxidant activity, reduced steatosis, inflammatory cell, and fat cell infiltration in the liver tissue. Conclusion: GPs exhibited hypolipidemic activity in rats with high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia compared to pure guggulsterone. These findings emphasize the potential of GPs as an effective therapeutic intervention for managing hyperlipidemia, surpassing the conventional use of the pure compound.

Introduction: Recent researches have indicated that phytochemicals compounds are important as antioxidants and antimicrobials in food. The use of nano carrier-based formulations in controlled release and protection of these compounds is an effective way to maintain these properties. In this study, Iranian shallot with the scientific name of Allium stipitatum Regel has been used due to the unique phytochemicals of this plant. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the synthesized nano-PHYTOSOMES containing shallot phytochemical compounds and their antimicrobial effects in comparison with shallot extract.Materials and Methods: An aqueous-alcoholic extract of shallot was obtained from dried shallot. The structure of the nano-phytosome was prepared by the thin layer hydroxylation method. The structure of the synthesized nano-PHYTOSOMES was examined by SEM microscope and dynamic light scattering DLS. Finally, antimicrobial properties were evaluated on Escherichia coli bacteria. Antibacterial assay was performed using MIC and MBC tests for shallot extract and nano-phytosome samples at successive concentrations of the sample.Results: Structure study of nano-PHYTOSOMES indicated the spherical shape and size between 5-10 nm of nano-PHYTOSOMES. Dispersion of nano-PHYTOSOMES in the colloidal medium was observed in a suitable form and PDI index equal to 0.586. The results of microbial tests showed that the effect of nano-PHYTOSOMES on bacteria was significantly greater than the antimicrobial power of nano PHYTOSOMES compared to shallot extract on Escherichia coli samples. Conclusion: This study can prove the effect of shallot extract nano-phytosome as an antimicrobial nanobiostructure.

Introduction: Recent researches have indicated that phytochemicals compounds are important as antioxidants and antimicrobials in food. The use of nano carrier based formulations in controlled release and protection of these compounds is an effective way to maintain these properties. In this study, Iranian shallot with the scientific name of Allium stipitatum Regel has been used due to the unique phytochemicals of this plant. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the synthesized nano-PHYTOSOMES containing shallot phytochemical compounds and their antimicrobial effects in comparison with shallot extract. Materials and Methods: An aqueous-alcoholic extract of shallot was obtained from dried shallot. The structure of the nano-phytosome was prepared by the thin layer hydroxylation method. The structure of the synthesized nano-PHYTOSOMES was examined by SEM microscope and dynamic light scattering DLS. Finally, antimicrobial properties were evaluated on Escherichia coli bacteria. Antibacterial assay was performed using MIC and MBC tests for shallot extract and nano-phytosome samples at successive concentrations of the sample. Results: Structure study of nano-PHYTOSOMES indicated the spherical shape and size between 5-10 nm of nano-PHYTOSOMES. Dispersion of nano-PHYTOSOMES in the colloidal medium was observed in a suitable form and PDI index equal to 0. 586. The results of microbial tests showed that the effect of nano-PHYTOSOMES on bacteria was significantly greater than the antimicrobial power of nano PHYTOSOMES compared to shallot extract on Escherichia coli samples. Conclusion: This study can prove the effect of shallot extract nano-phytosome as an antimicrobial nanobiostructure.

Several plant extracts and phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro, demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or destruction in gut. Drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents (PHYTOSOMES) was prepared by complexing polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phospholipid mainly phosphatidylcholine which bind components to each other on a molecular level. Bioavailability is enhanced due to their capacity to cross the lipid rich bio-membranes and to protect the valuable components of the herbal extract from destruction by digestive secretions and gut bacteria. PHYTOSOMES have the capacity to deliver the standardized plant extracts and phytoconstituents through several routes of drug administration. Only a few natural drugs have been formulated and are available in the market as PHYTOSOMES. With wide range of applications of PHYTOSOMES numerous studies are undergoing and lots more is expected in the forthcoming years. The techniques used for such formulations are patentable and highly profitable.