Saadi’s Golestan due to its smoothness of language, its deep intellectual values, rhythm and its exhaustion of language has become the source of influence for many authors since its publication. Meanwhile the work has remained a unique one. The only writer who has been able to occupoy a greater position then other imitators is Ghaen Magham. He has been able to imitate successfully and create a rhythmical and simple prose free from complexity and language ornaments such as proserhythme and paromoiosis. His proper use of crossedrhyine Poetry, allegories and lively language are among some values of his poetry. The present article aims to render an analytical account of the influence of Saadi on Ghaem and magham the sharing characteristics of the two.

Qaem Maqam Frahani (1193-1254 A.H.) was a learned scholor who completely knew theology and had a high status in Arabic and Persian literatures. Some poems from poets in different periods of Arabic literature can be seen in his Monshaat such as: Nabegheh Zobianim, Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), Majnoone leili, Bashar Ebne Bord, Ebne Khayyat, Ebne Ammar, Mohye Al-din Al-Arabi, Safy Al-Din Al-Helli, etc. However, clear mistakes in representing vowels, misprints, and ambiguous wrong translations should be mentioned such as the following couplet from Abol Asvad Al-dowali:کضر ائر الحسنا قلن لوجهها            حسدا و بغضا انها لذمیمWhich means: “like rival wives of a beautiful woman who with jealousy and spite call her ugly and deformed”. In the book, it starts with کفرا یر الحسنا and has been translated by mistake as follows: “some shows the virtue as vice for their inferiority and enmity”. In the present study, the researcher tried to find poets of Arabic Poems regarding Qaem Maqam’s Monshaat which was edited by Badr-Al-Din Yaghmayi. Afterward Arabic coupletswere analyzed and criticized. Then their syntactic relations with Persian expressions were mentioned.

Keeping governmental secrets in official letters is one of the important issues of governments in all periods and its importance increases every day so that scientists try to find new methods for encoding and decoding of information. Nowadays, in mathematics and computer science a number of fields and trends have been created for encryption. On the basis of sources and documents, the history of this practice goes back to Greek civilization.Some groups of people like criminals, prisoners and professional beggars use coded languages which linguists call them Argo.There is almost no scientific research about history and types of puzzle language and script in Persian literature, and even there is no entry for this issue in Persian encyclopedias. The main reasons of this are that, on the one hand, there are not enough sources and references about this issue and, on the other, the rules of such knowledge were not taught to people in fear of revealing the secrets.This article introduces not only the methods of encryption in Islamic culture but also encoding fonts, inks for invisible writing and the terminology of this science whose secrets have been hidden.

Ghiyath ad-Din bin Humam ad-Din known as "Khandamir" was a historian, scribe, poet and writer during Timurid era. He was the grandson of "Mir Khand", author of the book "Rawzat as-Safa". "Nameh Nami" is a beautiful and interesting epistolary with a prose mixed with poetry. It includes a preface and nine chapters, each containing several parts, which are classified as Satr (line) and Lafz (phrase) in present editions. Khandmir wrote these letters when he was 46 or 47 years old; that is, during the years 925 AH or 927 AH, when he was residing in Herat. He wrote these letters for bureaucratic features including aristocratic and common classes of the society on a variety of occasions. Nameh Nami has been compiled in six versions; the original version has the least number of mistakes, and is kept at the Central Library of the University of Tehran with the registration number 3411.Correction of Nameh Nami was done to revive this valuable piece of work. In addition, it contains such merits as fluent letters and information on writing signs and expressions. The book is also of paramount importance to researchers in terms of its historical significance, since it illuminates the dark angles of the history of Timurid and Safavid era. It also touches on such figures as Sultan Hussein Bayqara, his sons and Kamaleddin Behzad.

Treaty or Pledge is one of the official epistolary writings of the 10th and 11th centuries which are extant today. With analysis of the epistolary writings and historical texts of the aforementioned centuries, we can divide them in to two major categories: first category was the treaties which were bestowed by caliphs, potentates, and prominent individuals to governors, minions, and lower ranking officials as an assurance of their security. This class of treaties was mostly similar to the letter of immunity and it was issued for the sake of providing an oath of protection for the protégé. The second category of treaties was the deeds which were given by governors, minions, and lower ranking officials to their superiors as an assurance of loyalty and dedication. A number of these treaties in the collection of epistolary notes of the 10th and 11th centuries have remained and passed into our hands. Since in some instances the aforementioned treaties were written by the courts of justice of high ranking rulers and were sent to their protégé, these treaties have been specially significant in explaining the relations between potentates and their protégés, for they elucidate, from a different perspective, the anticipations and expectations of the central government from its governors and minions.