Purpose: This research explains the technological requirements for the policy of acquiring and protecting digital resources in the National Library of Iran from the stakeholders' point of view. The stakeholders form the policy's three pillars: texture, content, and process; in other words, they play an active role in the policy-making process.Method: This research was conducted in a combined process and three stages. In the first stage, the qualitative content analysis method of related documents and documents and the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA were used to code the texts. At this stage, the research community included 29 Latin articles, 24 Persian articles and 17 national and international standards. After that, he benefited from the expert opinions of the specialist focal group. Then, the codes from the focus group meetings were combined with the codes from the texts, and 82 codes were finalized. In the following steps, the questionnaire to determine the priority of the codes was provided to the expert group of the Delphi panel using Pressline software, and their average was finalized.Findings: The findings in the category of technological requirements included four general axes. On the axis of preserving and disseminating digital national cultural heritage, three codes for setting up and managing a national system for protecting and accessing digital resources, using digital rights management technology, and using digital protection strategy. There are two codes on the axis of the application of digital standards: the application of the principles and functional requirements of records in digital administrative environments and the application of government security standards and requirements. In the axis of using user-friendly system facilities, the code of using adaptive technologies for access to the national digital system for people with sensory-motor impairments, and in the axis of using suitable infrastructural system facilities, two codes of the possibility of loading digital resources in the national digital system and analyzing the behaviour of users to improve services, they won the highest points in the national digital system.Conclusion: The results of this research show that in order to solve or reduce the challenges of protecting digital information resources, it is crucial to define and apply agreed standards between libraries or agreements with business organizations in the field of national heritage. The findings also underscore the importance of managing existing and future protection challenges by applying and using standards and suitable infrastructure system facilities comprehensively and in interaction with other similar systems in Iran. The high priority given to the codes of these two axes in the Delphi panel indicates their significance in creating a strong and reliable national system. The codes of these two access with more than 50% by creating a suitable and reliable platform, the portals of acquisition digital resources to the active form is launched and the digital heritage of Iran can be saved for the present and the future

Comparison between philosophers and philosophical systems has been there since the beginning of the history of philosophy until our time, as Farabi in his book, Al-Jam’ Bayn Rai’ al-Hakimayn, somehow has comparatively studied the viewpoints of Plato and Aristotle. Nevertheless, it was Paul-Masson Oursel, who in the early twentieth century, through a historical approach, focusing on Western thought, launched an integrated methodological discussion of this issue in his book, Comparative Philosophy (1931), and comparatively studied philosophical viewpoints and idea. The present paper, while reflecting on the nature, possibility, conditions and objectives of comparative philosophy, is an attempt to study the intellectual and cultural backgrounds of the idea of comparative philosophy and condition and pathology of its teaching and research in contemporary Iran. Also in a positive step, attempts have been made to introduce and analyze three models of comparative philosophy in contemporary era – that is, the comparative approaches of É tienne Gilson, Henry Corbin and Toshihiko Izutsu in the light of their comparative works – which underline the possibilities and limitations of comparative philosophy with regard to the tradition of Islamic philosophy. Reflecting on the pivotal status of Kant in the history of Western philosophy and significance of paying attention to it in comparative philosophical studies constitute the concluding part of this paper.

This study aims to identify the requirements and consequences of lean management in Iranian education using a qualitative approach. The field of research included professors of Iranian universities in the field of management as well as the field of educational administration in 2021. The measurement tool was an interview about the requirements and consequences of implementing lean management. Interviews with 15 academic experts continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. To ensure the validity of the instrument during the research, the review of participating experts as well as the supervision of three non-participating professors was used. The participants' repeated review method was used to ensure the reliability of the data. Using Maxqda software, 417 basic conceptual propositions in the requirements section and 346 basic conceptual propositions in the consequences section were identified. By combining and combining them, 18 central codes for requirements and 19 central codes for consequences were obtained. Introduce and promote pure methods, use of experts, conscious and step-by-step measures, stakeholder conditions, effective evaluation, identification of wastes, role of values and redefining values, under the heading of requirements and 7 categories of education excellence, establishing justice Educational, technological benefits, increasing stakeholder satisfaction, increasing educational productivity, responsibility and value creation of social leaders and scientific presence in the global arena were under the heading of the consequences of pure implementation in education.

IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) network is considered as an NGN (Next Generation Network) core networks by ETSI. Decomposition of IMS core network has resulted in a rapid increase of control and signaling message that makes security a required capability for IMS commercialization. The control messages are transmitted using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) which is an application layer protocol. IMS networks are more secure than typical networks like VoIP according to mandatory of user authentication in registration time and added SIP signaling headers. Also different vulnerabilities have been occurred that lead to SIP servers attacks. This paper studies the main SIP servers of IMS (x-CSCF) based on ETSI Threat, Vulnerability and Risk Analysis (TVRA) method. This method is used as a tool to identify potential risks to a system based upon the likelihood of an attack and the impact that such an attack would have on the system. After identifying the assets and weaknesses of IMS SIP servers and finding out the vulnerabilities of these hardware and software components, some security hints that can be used for secure deployment of IMS SIP servers are proposed. Modeling shows the effects of server weaknesses and threats that reduces availability. Any designed system has some assets with weaknesses. When threats have accrued based on weaknesses, the system will vulnerable. Vulnerability analysis optimizes costs and improves security.

Objective: Personal Archiving is a branch of archival science and genealogy, focusing on the capture, classify, maintain, store, retrieve, use, archive, preservation, dispose, and management of an individual's personal documents and other documentary output, generally by the individuals concerned. A personal archive is an archive created by a person with personal goals, needs and interests. The lack of personal archives, especially for artists, can disperse their artworks throughout their lives, increasing the lack of coherence of their artworks and personal information. A personal archive is established through identifying, capturing, collecting, organizing, indexing, storing, integrating, retrieving, and sharing of personal works, documents and information. Personal archives are an important cultural heritage of a country, because they represent the cultural heritage of individuals and their individual, social, economic and cultural activities in the society. Therefore, the present research seeks to study the requirements for the creation of personal archives of artists in Tehran. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included 271 artists from the Institute for the Development of Visual Arts, in three fields of painting, sculpture and graphic art who has held at least two individual exhibitions. Participants were selected by snowball method and introduced by previous participants. The research method was mixed. First, the literature were analyzed and reviewed. Second, the interviews have been conducted. Third, the contents of interviews were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, using thematic analysis and the MAXQDA software. Forth, the requirements for creating personal archives of artists were extracted. Finally, in the second phase, according to the requirements extracted from the interviews, a questionnaire was developed and was filled out by participants. Findings: The result of chi-square test based on the degree of freedom of each factor showed that there was a significant relationship between the mentioned factors and the creation of the artists' personal archives. The mean of conservation factor was 3. 679 with a factor loading 0. 94, the mean of storage factor was 3. 636 with a factor loading of 0. 92, the mean of factor of acquisition (collecting) was 3. 447 with a factor loading of 0. 86, the mean of factor of retrieval and access was 3. 17 with a factor loading of 0. 81; and the mean of organization factor was 2. 791 with a factor loading of 0. 79. Conclusion: The results of analysis of questionnaires' data revealed that the requirements and priorities to create personal archives for artists in order of importance include: conservation, storage, acquisition (collecting), retrieval, access, and organization. In analyzing these essentials, physical and digital protection of personal information as the underpinnings of the protection agent, is vital for the artists of Tehran. It is worth noting that protecting the physical archives is harder than protecting digital archives. It is suggested to create a database of artists' personal archives to allow them sharing their personal archives and experiences.

The protection of individuals' property rights has become a vital requirement in democratic systems for maintaining social and economic stability and sovereignty. A property owner holds an exclusive, absolute, and perpetual right to benefit from and exercise ownership over their property within the bounds of the law. However, in exceptional cases, the state may acquire property through compulsory acquisition. This raises the question of how this form of involuntary contract differs from other consensual contracts, and when and how ownership is transferred. According to existing laws and practices, it is permissible for the state to acquire property through compulsory sale only by adhering to legal formalities and in accordance with approved plans aimed at public interest or the security of citizens, provided that the budget for such acquisition has been predetermined, and the market value of the land or property in question is paid within the statutory time frame. The effects of compulsory acquisition—or more precisely, compulsory sale—do not retroactively apply except under the conditions specified in the contract (unless otherwise stipulated therein). Undoubtedly, the timing of the transfer of ownership is crucial for the state, as until ownership is transferred, even at the request of the owner, the state may be obligated to pay the current value of the property, and an enforcement order may have been issued against it. Particularly in cases where there is no approved plan, no property rights or interests arise for the state as the possessor. This paper emphasizes, through a descriptive-analytical approach aimed at establishing a uniform criterion in judicial decisions, that ownership is the determinant of rights over the property, interests, and other related rights. Possession by the state, even if non-aggressive and peaceful, does not negate ownership of the property and cannot impair the ownership of interests. Furthermore, the transfer of ownership, along with all its consequences regarding lands and properties, occurs through the conclusion of a transfer contract (sale), even in the absence or failure of the owner, represented by the prosecutor or their deputy, subject to the legal conditions discussed and analyzed in this paper.

The idea of production of the functional requirements patterns began in 1990. The functional requirements for bibliographic records pattern was the first conceptual pattern made to organize the bibliographic data in catalogs and databases. In designing such a pattern, attempt has been made to solve the problems encountered in the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) by presenting new structures for storage and display of bibliographic records. Then, IFLA different work groups were set up to produce three other patterns for functional requirements: authoritative data, subject authority records, and object-oriented bibliographic records, that although each has its own specifications, all have been formed according to the first pattern. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce the IFLA functional requirements patterns, their history of development, specifications, structures and functions, as well as to study their pros and cons.