Tourism is considered as one of the important economic sources, and an effective factor in cultural, social and economic development. With direct and indirect employment and consequently, monetization for tourism destinations, tourism plays an important role in the economy of these regions; to achieve this income, it necessiates to attract the tourists. And in order to benefit from the tourism, tourism destinations priority shall be identifie, otherwise, the absence of clear-spotted priorities, will cause vague in investigation, and capital's dissipation. Prioritizing the power of of tourism attractions, with the end of optimized management of short-time capitals, and shortening the ROI time, and increasing the investment efficiency, also the lack of similar studies in this subject, has necessiated this research study. The aim of this study was to determine the importance and priority of tourist attractions in Birjand. This study is applied in purpose, enjoying a descriptive-analytical-survey research method. Data were gathered using documentary and library resources and questionnaires, field visits, also interviews with experts and tourists from 12 Birjand tourism sites. Sample size was 205 tourists, calculated using Cochran formula with error of 0. 075%. In this study, we used fuzzy multi-criteria hierarchical analysis, and gray analysis, to prioritize sample locations. According to the results of the fuzzy hierarchical analysis process, access indicators weighting 0. 2987, and visual value weighting 0. 1726, had the most importance in the leveling og tourism sites. Based on the final results based on Gray analysis, Akbariyeh Garden were at the toplevel, while Birjand castle, and Amir Shah dam having placed at the next level. Therefore, these places had more potential and ability for investigating in tourism promotion. The combination of fuzzy Model and Gray Analysis, have been the innovation factor of this research.

In recent decades, urban tourism has led to various spatial evolutions in the holy city of Mashhad. Excessive concentration of key actors of Mashhad urban tourism on the potential of religious tourism caused to the lack of optimal attention to the potential of other types of urban tourism. It is tried in this research with a descriptive approach, to study spatial effects of urban tourism attractions on Mashhad tourism services. For this purpose, the spatial data of the Mashhad urban database has been used. The results of this study indicate the significant spatial effects of Razavi Shrine on the spatial distribution of tourism services studied in this study. Compared to the Razavi Shrine, other tourist attractions have had a different effect on the spatial distribution of urban tourism services in Mashhad.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the recreational value of Shushtar's ancient waterfalls and to measure the willingness to pay to visit these waterfalls using the individual travel costs method. Due to the historic and natural ambiance, the ancient waterfalls of Shushtar are the destination of many domestic and foreign tourists every year. The present study attempted to extract the market value of these waterfalls' tourism performance in 2015. Based on the results of this study, the willingness to pay was equal to 320, 570 Rials and the annual social benefits were 1, 335 billion Rials. The capital value of these waterfalls, using the real interest rate of the tourism sector, was 11, 625 billion Rials. From this perspective, the present research is unique. This great value gained in a situation that a significant budget is not spent on protecting these waterfall and also the entrance fee for these waterfalls is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary that authorities pay more attention to this natural monument.

Tourism planning requires understanding the interaction between supply and demand and their mutual effect on each other; hence, tourism destination planning is one of the most important factors for development planning. In the tourism system, only demand and demand increase is not important. But in supply, destination management needs to coordinate and co-operate with the tourism elements. Meanwhile, network analysis is one of the most up-to-date and most efficient analyses that, through the use of small hotspots, boosts their power over the top centers. Due to the weakness of gravity and the dispersion of many tourism destinations, organizing in a network will help to achieve these goals; hence, network analysis and its applications for regional tourism development are essential. Until now, the actual position of Kashan town, despite the cultural and tourist potential and attractions, has not yet been determined, and the dispersion of attractions and proximity to metropolises such as Tehran and Isfahan have caused most tourists to have a one-day trip to this city. In this study, in order to increase the competitiveness of these attractions in the framework of network theory, descriptive-analytic research method was used and data were collected using field survey method. The statistical population consisted of 1, 164, 124 tourists from Kashan over the past year. According to the Cochran sampling model, the data was collected from the sample of 483 people. The data were analyzed using SPSS, GIS, UCINET, and NODEXL software, and its density, degree, contrast, transmissibility, and E-I were computed, and gravitational graphs were illustrated. Results indicate that the attraction connections are weak and low, which is why most tourists visit the main attractions of the region. As a result, the deposition of tourists’ spending in the region is low and inadequate for the region development; hence, in managing regional development and tourism, efforts should be made to reduce this gap by strengthening the link between the region’s attractions, and provide a background for optimal use of the region’s attractions by establishing a full interconnected network.

The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to estimate economic values for all kinds of ecosystem and environmental services. It can be used to estimate both use and non use values, and it is the most widely used method for estimating non-use values. It is the most controversial of the non-market valuation methods. The contingent valuation method involves directly asking people, in a survey, how much they would be willing to pay for specific environmental services. Human beings tendency to the nature of the cities ‘edge rooted in the biological, psychological and social needs. Shorabil lake in the city of Ardabil is an ecotourism potential of the tourist attractions in the province and the region. The aim of this study was to estimate the value of the tourist attractions of Shorabil, Ardabil by using contingent valuation method to determine the average willingness to pay and the factors affecting their willingness to pay that was conducted by using dichotomous choice questionnaire. To measure the willingness to pay, the Logit regression model was used and is based on maximization, model parameters are estimated. For this purpose, the data required were collected through field studies and the completion of 232 questionnaires randomly at the aforementioned attraction in June and July of 2014. For data analysis SPSS and Shazam statistical software and Maple mathematical software were used. The results show that 68 percent of visitors are willing to pay to visit Shorabil promenade. Educational level, gender, visitor satisfaction, bid, family size and income variables are factors affecting the willingness to pay, while the age variable was not significant. The average willingness to pay among visitors and recreational value of the attraction were estimated 12,000 Rials and 72/18 billion Rials, respectively. The results show that natural promenade for people in urban areas have important and significant value in which this value provides a justification for policy makers and decision makers that for the sake of development of sustainable tourism, enhancement the well-being of tourists and also protection natural ecosystems of such attractions have a more efficient management in order to create a sustainable tourism development.

Tourism development as a cultural phenomenon develops the cultural exchange opportunities between tourists and host community. Form, structure, construction of public spaces, etc. are elements that shape the historical identity of cities and the construction of these buildings and many other urban constructions make urban areas more appealing. Cultural tourism is a move from people to visit cultural attractions with the aim to obtain new information and experience in order to satisfy the cultural needs.Isfahan can be considered as one of the world's major cities and a unique exception due to the body of the city, which can be regarded as a valuable solid unit carrying specific thinking and viewpoints. Isfahan is not only a crystallization of a worldview but because of its spatial variation, it is one of the most unique cities with dozens of historical, cultural, religious, and natural attractions. The current research is and applied and developmental one. For the cultural-historical tourism analysis of Isfahan, we provided indices in five dimensions of economic, competitive, social, and cultural, facilities and services and attraction. The defined standards and criteria were implemented and evaluated within the AHP models. Results showed that Naghsh-e Jahan Squarehas the first rank and Hasht-Behesht (the palace of eight paradises) has the second rank in the historical attractions of Isfahan.Also based on paired comparisons between criteria, social-cultural criteria and attractions have the highest priority; thus, they are influential in historical-cultural tourism development.