A Critical Analysis of the Concept of Sex and ‎Gender in Judith Butler’s View

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Chavoshi Sara; Mariji Shamsullah; Soltani Mahdi

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: ISLAM AND SOCIAL STUDIES Year:2025 | Volume:13 | Issue:2 (پیاپی 49) Page(s): 123-146

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Information Journal Paper

Title

A Critical Analysis of the Concept of Sex and ‎Gender in Judith Butler’s View

Author(s)

Chavoshi Sara | Mariji Shamsullah | Soltani Mahdi | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Sex and Gender

Judith Butler

construction of sex and gender

gender identity

gender performance

Abstract

This article aims to clarify the meaning of sex and gender and to extract their characteristics in Butler’s thought, critically examining these concepts as the most fundamental theoretical constructs in the field of gender studies. Judith Butler, one of the most influential contemporary thinkers in this domain, considers both concepts as cultural and social constructs. She introduces gender as a performance shaped through the repetition of social acts and norms, lacking any fixed essence. Butler’s gender theory seeks to challenge binary gender systems, emphasizing fluidity and multiplicity of gender identities. She views gender as a social act and highlights the role of language, discourse, and cultural systems in constructing this concept. Her perspective provides the recognition of diverse identities. The analysis of Butler’s views shows that her conceptualization, by rejecting essentialism, denying nature and fixed essence, and construing sex and gender as social constructs, is incompatible with Islamic approaches, which assume fixed identity, non-fluidity, essence, and reality. These contradictions highlight the need for localized theorization aligned with Islamic-Iranian culture. The present study employs a library-based method for data collection and qualitative content analysis for data analysis.

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