Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Nursing Interventions

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Hakami Ahlam Abdullah; Hamzi Wafaa Ahmad; Alshammari Hana Oudah; Alshammari Tahani Oudah; Aldfeery Faiza Zagam Sultan; Alanazi Inam Sayah Hamad; Alraythi Amani Hassan Mohammed; Albaiji Mariam Mahmoud Thiyap; Alharbi Naimah Ghareeb; Alharbi Mohammed Awadh; Alsamti Diena M.; Mubarki Hadeel Ebraheem Yahya; Aldhfeeri Badriah Ghanem Moter; Alghamdi Tahani Saad; Albathali Abeer Burayshim Sayid

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences Year:2024 | Volume:7 | Issue:12 Page(s): 1788-1807

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Title

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Biomarkers, and Nursing Interventions

Author(s)

Keywords

Polycystic ovary syndrome

hyperandrogenism

insulin resistance

Biomarkers

Advanced Glycation End-products

Nursing Interventions

Patient Awareness

Abstract

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It manifests as hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The etiology is complex, involving genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. Key mechanisms—such as hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs)—play integral roles in its pathophysiology. This review aims to evaluate the pathophysiology of PCOS, identify diagnostic Biomarkers, and assess the critical role of Nursing Interventions in its management.Method: A narrative review methodology was employed, synthesizing data from peer-reviewed studies on PCOS’s etiology, clinical features, and treatment modalities. Emphasis was placed on the roles of Biomarkers and Nursing Interventions in enhancing patient care and awareness.Results: PCOS is strongly associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and AGE accumulation, which exacerbate hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction. Advanced Biomarkers, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and AGEs, offer valuable diagnostic and prognostic insights. Effective management strategies incorporate lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and personalized nursing care. Nursing Interventions prioritize patient education, lifestyle guidance, and addressing mental health concerns to improve outcomes.Conclusion: Managing PCOS requires a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology, utilization of Biomarkers for early diagnosis, and implementation of tailored therapeutic strategies. Nursing Interventions are pivotal in raising awareness, promoting adherence to treatment, and mitigating long-term complications. Emphasizing patient education and lifestyle modifications is essential for the effective management of PCOS.

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