JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
Year:2025 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Throughout human history, secure access to water has been a primary and fundamental condition for social and economic development and the sustainability of culture and civilization. According to hydrologists, water is no longer an abundant commodity with no monetary value, but rather an irreplaceable commodity with high monetary value. Methodology: This article uses mixed research methods, including an archival study and the Delphi technique, to analyze the sociological dimensions of the Zeribar Lake water crisis and its effects on the lives of residents. Results: It formulates the consequences of the Zeribar Lake crisis under six main categories. It proposes scientific and operational solutions, emphasizing field studies and interviews with local elites and development agents. The results of this study emphasize the need to adopt a reasonable water policy instead of politicizing water, and the need to shift from a purely hydrological to a sociological approach in studying and dealing with the water issue in general and the issue of the Zeribar Lake crisis in Marivan in particular. Conclusion: The Zeribar Lake water crisis is an example of the challenges in water resource management that require all stakeholders' cooperation and participation. By implementing appropriate solutions and paying attention to both hydrological and sociological dimensions, we can help improve the water situation of the lake and build sustainable development in the region

Introduction: One of the prerequisites for the formation of civil society is the existence of social tolerance in that society. Institutionalizing social tolerance in a society can have a very positive effect on resolving various conflicts. This research aims to investigate the status of social tolerance among students at the University of Tabriz and its relationship with religiosity. Methodology: The present research was conducted using a survey method and its statistical population is students at the University of Tabriz in 1403, of whom 172 were selected using the Cochran formula and stratified sampling. To measure social tolerance, the standard questionnaire of social tolerance used in the study by Zalizadeh et al. (2018) was used, and to measure religiosity, the standard questionnaire of Glock and Stark was used. Results: The research findings show that the average social tolerance among students is 59. 79 percent, which indicates that social tolerance has a medium to high status among students. Among the dimensions of social tolerance, the gender tolerance dimension had the highest average percentage and the religious tolerance dimension had the lowest average percentage among the dimensions of the social tolerance variable. In addition, the average religiosity for the respondents was 75. 54 percent, which shows that the level of religiosity of Tabriz University students is high. Conclousion: The results of the research hypothesis test show that social tolerance has a positive and significant relationship with religiosity. Also, the belief, religious, nationality, and behavioral dimensions of social tolerance had a significant relationship with religiosity, while the ethnic, gender, and moral dimensions of social tolerance did not have a significant relationship with students' religiosity. The results of the regression analysis show that the four dimensions of religiosity explain about 18 percent of the variance of the social tolerance variable.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been discussed that Abu Hamid Mohammad Ghazali (450-505 AH) and Abu Abdullah Fakhr Razi (544-606 AH) what opinions and views had about economics and professions. Research Method: Qualitative content analysis is based on the works of each of the thinkers selected for this study. The research seeks to answer the question of what intellectual and epistemological foundations are the views of Fakhr Razi and Muhammad Ghazali on economic issues and topics based on, and what status does economics have in their system of thought? Results: Fakhr Razi is a representative of the school of thought known as Ahl al-Hikmat and Mohammad Ghazali is also a representative of a school of thought known as Ahl al-Sharia. Fakhr Razi has discussed issues and topics related to economics in the book “Jame Al-ulum” under the practical wisdom and knowledge of home management and politics. Ghazali has also discussed the issues and topics of economics under the principles of jurisprudence in his book, “Ahya Ol Ulum Ol Din”. It can be said that Muslim philosophers have paid attention to the topics and issues related to the economy under the knowledge known as practical wisdom. Muslim jurists have also brought the issues and topics of economics under the topics related to jurisprudence. As a result, the viewpoints of Ghazali and Fakhrazi show that, Contrary to the ontology and epistemology of the modern era, in the pre-modern era, economic issues and affairs did not have independent existential and epistemological validity. Conclusion: In both discursive approaches, the economy does not have an independent existential and epistemological position, and its existence is subject to non-economic phenomena such as family, Sharia, and the state.

Introduction: This article, compares entrepreneurial action with four types of social and economic actions from Max Weber's perspective. In this context, the characteristics of social actions, including goal-oriented rational action, value-oriented rational action, emotional action, and traditional action, were first examined, and then the similarities and differences between these actions and entrepreneurial action were analyzed. Methodology: The research was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method, and data were collected through the review and analysis of existing literature and documents related to Weber’s social actions. Results: The research found that entrepreneurial action shares rational and goal-oriented characteristics with both goal-oriented rational action and economic action, however, it shows significant differences in emotional and traditional aspects. The findings of the research revealed that, compared to goal-oriented rational action, entrepreneurial action pays more attention to uncertain environments and social changes, and does not rely on a repetitive process. In comparison with value-oriented rational action, entrepreneurial action selects multiple goals and evaluates their consequences according to market and customer needs. Moreover, in comparison with emotional action, entrepreneurial action depends on logical and informational evaluation, and unlike traditional action, which is based on habits, it emphasizes innovation and creativity. Conclusions: The conclusion of this article shows that entrepreneurial action, with its rational and goal-oriented characteristics, resembles some of Weber's types of actions, but at the same time, it has notable differences from other types of actions, especially emotional and traditional actions.

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to study the relationship between social and psychological capital and academic sociability among student teachers of Farhangian University of East Azarbaijan ProvinceMethodology: . The research method is descriptive-analytical, which was carried out with a quantitative and survey approach, and according to the type of implementation, it is in the category of applied research and correlational studies. The statistical population of this research includes all student teachers of Farhangian University of East Azarbaijan Province in the academic year of 1402-1403, in the number of 3990 people, and the sampling method was proportional stratified random, and the sample size using Cochran's formula was 360 people (147 female students and 213 male students) male student is estimated. Standard and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect data. To analyze the collected data, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used in Spss software. Results: The findings of this research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and academic sociability of student teachers of Farhangian University. The findings also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological capital and academic sociability. The results of statistical tests indicate that there is a direct correlation between age and academic sociability, but there is no relationship between GPA and academic sociability. Conclousion: In order to promote and improve the desired academic socialization, the university authorities should provide the necessary infrastructure for the participation of students in scientific and research processes and implement the mechanisms of encouragement and material and spiritual rewards in order to promote and improve the academic socialization.

Introduction: In recent years, environmental crises have become one of the major challenges facing urban societies worldwide. In this context, citizen participation in environmental protection is considered a fundamental strategy for achieving environmental governance and sustainable management. The present study aimed to analyze the sociological factors influencing citizens’ participation in environmental protection, based on the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methodology: The statistical population consisted of citizens over 18 years of age in Sanandaj. Using a multistage cluster sampling method and Cochran’s formula, a total of 424 individuals were selected as the final sample. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Results: The path analysis results showed that, among the eight proposed hypotheses, five were confirmed and three were rejected. The variables of participation awareness, perceived behavioral control, participation intention, and political environment had significant positive effects on citizens’ participatory behavior, whereas perceived benefits and subjective norms had no significant effect on behavioral intention. In addition, the mediating role of participation intention in the relationship between awareness and perceived control with participatory behavior was confirmed. Conclusions: The findings indicate that urban environmental protection participation is influenced less by individual attitudes and more by actual awareness, self-efficacy, and institutional–political contexts. Therefore, strengthening environmental literacy, creating transparent participatory platforms, and enhancing public trust in responsible institutions are suggested as effective strategies to promote citizens’ participation in environmental policymaking.

Introduction Values, as one of culture and personality system components, have an impact on behavioral patterns and sociopolitical preferences, etc. According to Inglehart and Klingman, human societies experience three main directions of social change in the form of socio-economic development, value change, and political change, and value change is considered to precede political change. Therefore, present study compared changes in political values ​​and democracy in Iranian society in fifth and seventh waves among two gender and age groups of the Global Values ​​Survey in order to examine the extent of changes in two time periods and identify symptoms of these changes. Methodology: Research method was secondary analysis and longitudinal study using existing and available data from the Global Values ​​Survey. Data was analyzed using SPSS software to determine the trend of changes in various components of political values ​​of different age and gender groups in Iranian society. Results: Findings showed that as a result of increased education levels, the expansion of the media, and a relative improvement in the quality of life, modern values ​​such as political participation, civil liberties, and individual rights have been strengthened, especially among younger generations. Also, according to results, attitudes toward religious rule have increased with age, and in the seventh wave, the age group of 50 and older has become more inclined to interpret laws by religious authorities. Conclusions: According to the results of study, women are more inclined than men to the existence of religious values ​​in the political system. Respect for individual human rights, which was undervalued in the fifth wave, has been significantly positively evaluated in the seventh wave, which could be a sign of an increase in individualism due to the expansion of cyberspace. This issue needs to be taken into account by those in charge when analyzing the political behavior of society members and designing cultural and social policies.

Introduction: This research examines the impact of social entrepreneurship education on economic development in the science and technology parks of the University of Science and Culture and Allameh Tabatabai University. The main objective of this study is to analyze the educational effects on economic development, identify effective motivational mechanisms, assess the social credibility of the courses, and analyze the resulting environmental changes. Social entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in sustainable development by creating job opportunities, reducing poverty, and empowering communities. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impacts of social entrepreneurship education in science and technology parks, which are considered key platforms for supporting startups and social innovationsMethodology: This study employs a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews with 10 experts in the field of science and technology parks. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software, involving initial coding, code classification, and thematic analysis. Results: The findings indicate that social entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurs’ motivation through strengthening group interactions and providing effective feedback, thereby improving the spirit of innovation and developing supportive infrastructures. Additionally, these educational programs increase social awareness and enhance the credibility of entrepreneurs, facilitating new job opportunities and investment in social startups. Conclusions: The results of this research demonstrate that social entrepreneurship education not only contributes to economic growth but also positively impacts social and cultural indicators. It is recommended that educational courses be designed according to the actual needs of entrepreneurs, and that financial and advisory support be increased. Strengthening interactions between universities, industry, and government institutions, as well as enhancing access to financial resources, are essential requirements for the development of social enterprises.

Along with the economic and social developments of the last few decades, the use of abortions in the country has increased significantly. There are no official statistics in this field. Some unofficial sources report it as up to one million abortions annually. It is important to investigate and identify the reasons for this phenomenon and provide solutions to reduce it. This study sought to phenomenologically investigate the reasons for abortion in women who have experienced abortion in the city of Hamedan. For this purpose, 26 married women who have experienced abortion and were residents of Hamedan at the time of the interview were selected purposively (by snowball method). The data of this study were obtained through semi-in-depth interviews with women. Maxqda software version 2020 was used to analyze and extract codes. The findings from data analysis showed that in most cases, abortion occurs due to a combination of factors. With this, it can also be categorized as biomedical, familial, social, and individual. The subcategories that fall into these categories are also diverse, such as: fitness, parental comfort seeking, parental educational concerns, pregnancy interference with employment and education, greater knowledge of the spouse, gender preference (son preference), pregnancy and health risks for women, unemployment, financial problems, poor housing, living in an extended family, addiction, divorce, spouse infidelity, insistence by those around them, having a small child, sufficient number of children, weakness of methods used in birth control, lack of male participation in birth control, non-religious view of abortion, fear of reputation, lack of support, etc. It seems that rational choice models can provide the most analysis on abortion.

Objective: The aging population presents an opportunity for the emergence of new jobs, innovation in the production of elderly-friendly goods and services, and the provision of new services. This research aims to investigate the global experiences of leading startup businesses as a model for leveraging job opportunities in the aging sector.Methods: This research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. Leading startups in the aging sector were identified by searching international databases using relevant keywords. Selection criteria for top aging startups included service comprehensiveness, geographical coverage, innovation in service delivery, scope of job creation, and social impact. Ultimately, 100 aging startups were selected from 91,166 startups across five countries (the United States, China, India, Canada, and the United Kingdom) spanning three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia) for in-depth study. An identity profile was used to examine and analyze each aging startup, aiming to answer the research questions and achieve a deeper understanding.Results: The results indicate that each aging startup in the selected countries provides an average of two or three general types of services based on the core needs of the elderly (health and wellness, social, economic, living environment, and public services). Within each general service category, an average of one or two specialized services are offered. The job opportunities created in aging startups can be classified into at least 30 general categories. The more specialized the services related to these opportunities, the greater the number and diversity of job opportunities.Conclusion: By examining leading startups in elderly services, potential jobs emerge that can be created by modeling similar international examples and localizing them according to the country's culture and needs.

Objective: This study aims to provide an interpretation of social development tailored to the cultural, social, and economic context of Iran to enable an accurate and coherent depiction of the country’s social development status for informed policy making.Method: Initially, a comprehensive literature and document review was conducted to examine the historical evolution of the concept of social development, the classification of definitions, and related theoretical developments. The study then analyzed global trends in social development measurement and its assessment methods in Iran. Additionally, leading international institutions active in measuring social development were introduced, and the limitations of their indicators in reflecting Iran’s real social development situation were assessed. Subsequently, using the Nardo et al. approach and Delphi validation, a composite index aligned with Iran’s context was designed, and the social development status of Iran in 2024 was compared with the Legatum Prosperity Index results.Findings: The findings indicate that Iran holds a moderate level of social development, with the highest inequalities evident in infrastructure capital and spatial justice indicators. Additionally, certain national social welfare indicators require policy revision and strengthened investment in welfare and social infrastructure to effectively address existing disparities and improve social well-being.Conclusion: The localized social development index presented in this study can serve as an effective tool for accurately mapping the social development status at provincial and county levels, facilitating the monitoring of social development trends across various planning and policy making levels in the country. Moreover, this index can assist policymakers in identifying areas of weakness and in promoting social justice while providing a data-driven foundation for development-oriented planning and equitable policy design across different regions of Iran. Overall, the study contributes to the broader discourse on social development by offering a context-sensitive framework that can inspire similar localized approaches in other developing societies.

Deprivation, beyond the one-dimensional and purely income-based measure of poverty, is a multifaceted lived experience. This phenomenon reveals the complex and underlying structures of inequality, enabling researchers and policymakers to propose more effective interventions. The goal of this multidimensional approach is to develop more current models of deprivation-producing processes that can provide a deeper understanding of poverty and inequality. This study, therefore, aims to provide a social assessment of the intra-urban deprivation model in Tehran's District 18, which has a population of over 450,000. Using a quantitative survey method and the analytical technique of structural equation modeling, the research meticulously examines the relationships between various dimensions of deprivation. The primary objective is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of six dimensions—social, psychological, cognitive, economic, housing, and spatial—on one another and to present a new, combined model. The findings challenge common assumptions about deprivation. The results indicate that while variables related to basic urban infrastructure are vulnerable and inefficient, intra-urban deprivation and inequality are significantly influenced by cognitive and psychological components. These dimensions directly affect social indicators and intensify residents' feelings of deprivation. In other words, the deprivation experienced by residents of this district is linked not only to their income but also to their physical living conditions and internal feelings. Among the dimensions examined, psycho-cognitive deprivation has the greatest impact on the others. Interestingly, despite urban renewal policies and government facilities for housing and infrastructure, these measures have failed to reduce the sense of deprivation. This is because macroeconomic events have a more powerful effect on citizens' living conditions. Ultimately, the findings emphasize that urban spaces with unstable infrastructure and housing deprivation are the main symbols of intra-urban deprivation in this district, profoundly affecting the social living standards of families.