Sadra Medical Sciences Journal
Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:4|Papers Count:16

Introduction: Diabetes is a condition that affects patients in different physical, mental, and social dimensions. This study aimed to explore the life experience of diabetes among diabetic patients.Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using Schutz’s phenomenological method. Accordingly, the researchers used in-depth and consecutive interviews as a tool to get descriptions of lived experiences. The purposeful sampling method was used, and a total of 21 diabetics living in Jahrom were studied for 8 months. The collected data were analyzed using the Schutz method and classified as first-order constructs, second-order constructs, and sorting.Results: In the health-oriented bio, the findings included the analysis of the main theme (categorization) of self-care, insomnia, diabetes, weight fluctuation, physical difficulties, impotence, and mental disorders, as well as 21 second-order constructs. In lifestyle, the findings included four main themes (categorization) of physical education, nutrition patterns, spiritual life, leisure life, and 17 second-order constructs. The perceived meaning of diabetes also included seven second-order constructs, including hyperglycemia, stress and diabetes, diabetes and genetics, insulin hormone, pancreas, hormones, death anxiety, and panic management.Conclusion: It seems that self-care, physical problems, mental disorders, and sexual impotence played important roles in the health-oriented life experience of diabetic patients, and leisure life, spiritual life, patterns of nutrition, and physical training had a crucial role in the lifestyle of diabetic patients, as well as the perceived meaning of diabetes in controlling the disease.

Introduction: As people age, they often look back on their history to determine their accomplishments and shortcomings, which might cause them to feel regret. The present study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the regret scale in the Iranian elderly.Methods: The research method was a descriptive evaluation type. The study was conducted in Tehran in 2023. The sample consisted of 293 elderly men and women, who were selected by available and online sampling methods. The elderly completed the demographic checklist, regret, psychological distress, and psychological well-being questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the regret scale were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in SPSS software and R software.Results: The content validity of the questionnaire items was found to be satisfactory in terms of quality. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the regret scale had a single-factor structure. The model had an RMSEA of 0.07 and an SRMR of 0.04, which indicated the appropriateness of the model. The calculated values of other indices (GFI, CFI, NFI, NNFI, and IFI) were 0.99, 0.96, 0.94, 0.86, and 0.96, respectively, indicating that the obtained model was acceptable. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.81.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the regret scale had construct validity and acceptable reliability among the Iranian elderly. Besides, the single-factor structure of this scale could help to identify regret in the Iranian elderly.

Introduction: The Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool is comprised of 10 tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the overall score on the gymnastics functional measurement tool and the technical skill class of competitive male gymnasts.Methods: This field design research was conducted on 25 boy gymnasts, aged 7 to 17, from Guilan province, who competed in a two-part gymnastics competition (floor exercise and vaulting). The sample was selected by a non-random sampling method. The results of the competition in the technical skill classification of the athletes were obtained with the coordination of the Guilan Province Gymnastics Federation and after one week of the competition and having enough time for physical recovery and intervention avoidance, a functional movement measurement test (GFMT) was taken for each participant on their usual training day and time and after proper warm-up. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to check the relationship between variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, with a significance level of P≤0.05.Results: The correlation coefficient tests revealed a positive and significant relationship between the gymnastics functional measurement tool scores and the technical skill score of ground movements, as well as the overall technical score of the competition. There was no significant relationship between the gymnastics functional measurement tool scores and the vaulting technical skill score.Conclusion: It seems that the gymnastics functional measurement tool evaluation score, which assessed gymnasts’ technical skill, had an adequate level of accuracy.

Introduction: Laser technology has been employed in various medical fields to alleviate pain and lessen recovery time. In the field of dentistry, it is regarded as an accurate and efficient method to diagnose and perform certain treatments such as dental surgery, root canal treatment, and periodontal tissue treatments. Therefore, with the advent of new dental technology, it is critical to raise dentists' awareness of laser applications. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of specialist assistants and senior general course students toward using lasers in dentistry.Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed from 2021 to 2022 in Isfahan School of Dentistry (Iran). The participants were specialist assistants and senior general course students. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the participants toward using lasers in dentistry. The questionnaire included 26 questions regarding knowledge and attitude toward using lasers in dentistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and employing an independent t-test and Chi-square test.Results: The mean score of awareness level was 5.33, and the mean score of attitudes was 49.9, which indicated that students and assistants had an intermediate level of awareness and attitude. Indeed, students and assistants were eager to learn and receive information in this area.Conclusion: The general level of awareness among students and assistants was intermediate, and given their positive attitude toward learning, it seems necessary to place more emphasis on education and awareness for dental students to benefit from this technology.

Introduction: The main element of being a student is learning and pursuing knowledge. A student is an individual who has a strong motivation for seeking knowledge and increasing his/her insight to increase the level of scientific information and deepen his understanding. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between academic motivation and academic performance of medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran).Methods: This research was an applied descriptive-analytical study. The study population was all the clinical medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran). McInerney’s standard academic motivation questionnaire was used to collect the required data for the study. The study population was 293 clinical students who were selected as a sample.Results: Based on the results of this study, there was a significantly positive correlation between the level of academic performance of clinical medical students and the dimensions of academic motivation including the tendency to acquire ability (P=0.043, r=0.118), tendency to perform (P=0.013, r=0.146), and tendency towards external goals (P=0.034, r=0.124). The results of this study also showed that only the dimension of motivation for academic progress had no significant correlation with the academic performance of clinical students (P=0.096, r=0.098).Conclusion: In general, the findings of this research indicated that academic motivation in students was one of the factors influencing academic performance, and with the increase of a student’s motivation to progress, their academic performance also improves.

Introduction: Leaders can use ethical leadership to affect the organizational performance of employees. Returning to ethical leadership models is required due to the distinct intellectual perspective of Iranian society which can affect the effectiveness of employees in the organization considering their intrinsic motivation. Therefore, this research aimed to provide a model for evaluating the mediating function of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between ethical leadership and creative employee behavior in social security treatment management in Mazandaran Province.Methods: The required data were collected through a qualitative review and evaluation of studies on ethical leadership, in-depth interviews with senior managers of social security treatment management in Mazandaran Province, using the analysis method Grounded Theory with Glazer’s approach, as well as dealing with coding, categorization, and presenting a conceptual model.Results: Three selective codes, 15 core codes, and 94 open codes were included in the generated model. Ethical leadership variables included organizational, human, political, cultural, and moral factors. The creative behavior variable included individual, group, and organizational factors. The intrinsic motivation variable comprised components such as working conditions, rules and regulations, management and leadership style, interactions with colleagues, personality traits, empowerment, and job nature.Conclusion: Since Iranian employees are raised in an Islamic-Iranian culture, ethical leadership could have a positive effect on strengthening their performance and behavior.

Introduction: Dietary supplement consumption has increased worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dietary supplement consumption in patients referred to the dermatology clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran).Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2022-2023. 192 people, who were referred to the dermatology clinic, were selected and asked to answer a questionnaire. The questionnaire had three major sections including demographic characteristics, specific information related to supplements, and the participant’s underlying diseases and habits. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. All the tests were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.Results: 135 (70.3%) participants were women, and 57 (29.7%) were men. The use of supplements was reported in only 23.4% of the studied population. The majority of the participants (68.9%) consumed the supplements for 1 to 3 months and at least 3 days a week (71.1%). The majority of the consumers (60%) used supplements that were not prescribed by their physician. Most supplement users (62.2%) believed that the long-term use of the supplement was not dangerous, while the majority of them (73.3%) stated that they did not know when to take the supplement. Besides, the prevalence of complications among the users was 6.7%. There was also a statistically significant relationship between income level and supplement consumption (P<0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of nutritional supplement consumption in patients referred to the dermatology clinic was considerable. The participant’s knowledge of supplements was notably limited. Thus, it is essential to educate patients on the usage of dietary supplements.

Introduction: One of the major health issues, especially in patients with chronic diseases, is medication adherence. Patients with epilepsy face various psychosocial pressures due to non-adherence to medication and the presence of unpredictable convulsive attacks. It seems that it is important to investigate drug compliance and identify factors related to it in these patients to adopt treatment and care plans. Therefore, this study was designed and implemented to investigate drug compliance and its related factors in patients with epilepsy in Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) in 2022. Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It included 320 patients with epilepsy. The data were collected using demographic information and a medication adherence questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The medication compliance scale scores of the participants were 4.31±1.98. There was a statistically significant relationship between sex (P=0.040), education level (P=0.016), marital status (P=0.033), underlying disease history (P=0.039), and medication adherence scale score.Conclusion: Drug compliance in patients with epilepsy was at a low level. Therefore, it is recommended that health professionals and caregivers adopt educational and care methods appropriate to the factors affecting drug compliance, as well as evaluate effective approaches to improve the level of drug compliance in patients with epilepsy.

Introduction: Children who experience divorce suffer significant psychological, emotional, and cognitive damage. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the subjective well-being and emotional regulation of adolescent girls from divorced families.Methods: The research method was semi-experimental, with the pretest and posttest design, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised adolescent divorced girls in the first year of high school in Rasht (Iran) during 2022-2023. The study included 27 adolescents who were selected through the purposive sampling method and assigned into experimental and control groups (14 adolescents in the experimental and 13 adolescents in the control group). For 8 weeks, the adolescents in the experimental group received positive psychotherapy in 8 sessions each lasting 90 minutes. Two questionnaires including, the subjective well-being scale (SBWS) and the emotional regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used in this study. The obtained data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS software.Results: The results showed that positive psychotherapy improved the subjective well-being (F=31.97, Eta=0.56, P≤0.001) and emotional regulation (F=28.89, Eta=0.54, P≤0.001) of adolescent divorced girls. The effect size of the present intervention on mental well-being and emotional regulation was 0.56 and 0.54, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, positive psychotherapy using techniques, such as a having positive outlook on life, and teaching optimism and hope for the future, could be used to enhance the subjective well-being and emotional regulation of adolescent girls from divorced families.

Introduction: Patients experience cognitive, emotional, psychological, and physiological disruptions as well as body shame as a result of the emergence of physiological disorders such as cancer and the treatment process. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify a structural model of body shame based on mindfulness, with the mediating role of self-compassion in people with cancer.Methods: The applied research was conducted based on correlation through structural equation modeling. The statistical population included individuals with cancer disease who were referred to Bandar Abbas Medical Centers in 2022. In this research, 200 patients with cancer were selected using the available sampling method. The research instruments were the Body Shame Questionnaire (Duarte et al, 2015), the Mindfulness Skills Questionnaire (Baer, Smith, Allen, 2004), and the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). SPSS software and Amos software were used to analyze the data using structural equation modeling.Results: The results showed that mindfulness had a significant direct effect on self-compassion and body shame of people with cancer, accounting for 21.3% and 25.3% of the variance of these variables, respectively. Besides, self-compassion had a significant direct effect on the body shame of people with cancer, which also accounted for 22.1% of the variance of this variable. Self-compassion had a significant mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and body shame (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the significant mediating role of self-compassion, the occurrence of body shame in people with cancer could be reduced by implementing effective interventions, such as self-compassion training. Since self-compassion could act as a buffer against the effects of negative events. Individuals with self-compassion accepted negative life events more easily, and their self-evaluations and reactions were more accurate and based on their performance.

Introduction: Protecting the privacy of internet customers is crucial in the field of health. In this area, there is sensitive and personal information, and privacy can increase customers’ trust in companies and create a stronger relationship between them.Methods: The target sample was chosen using a criterion-oriented purposeful sampling method. The sampling procedure was continued until the theoretical saturation of data was reached. Accordingly, 12 professors and administrators participated in the study. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Nvivo software was used for theme analysis.Results: Based on the theme analysis method, two constructive themes of level one and 14 themes of level two were identified. Constructive themes of level one were technological infrastructure and obligations of the seller to the consumer. The themes of technological infrastructure were personalization services, social interaction performance, access control, information technology security, security enforcement measures, safety algorithm and data-based planning, and decision making. The constructive themes of the seller’s obligations to the consumer were awareness, user and seller education, safety, maintenance and support of information, responsibility, framework and principles, and trust.Conclusion: The proposed model showed that privacy protection was essential. Medical device businesses should implement a robust privacy policy, closely monitoring access, training employees on privacy protection, and upgrading security systems.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growth in the demand for skincare services and products. In this study, a topical formulation composed of glutathione loaded into niosomes was developed, and its physical, chemical, and microbial characteristics were evaluated.Methods: Span 60 was used to prepare niosomes, and glutathione was added to the formulation using the incorporation method. Drug assays were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared niosomes and their drug-release properties were investigated. Carbomer and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were used to form gels, and stability tests were performed.Results: HPLC demonstrated a linear relationship in the concentration range of 10-100 µg/mL. Morphological studies showed that niosomes had spherical structures. The majority of the medication was released through polymer degradation, and a small amount was released through the diffusion mechanism. Rheological analysis revealed that the fabricated gels had thixotropic and pseudoplastic properties. None of the samples showed changes in color or odor during this period. The formulation underwent microbiological analysis, and no specific microorganisms were found.Conclusion: The developed formulation exhibited acceptable properties in vitro. Therefore, further in vivo research should be conducted to determine the efficacy of the formulation.

Introduction: Benevolent leadership is a type of authentic leadership that develops virtues in the organization and perhaps beyond that in the society through the development of morals and constructive actions, as well as fostering a sense of social responsibility toward the society. The importance of paying this type of management and leadership in organizations and centers that provide charitable services is important. Therefore, this study was designed and implemented to investigate benevolent leadership among managers of non-governmental centers and charitable institutions in Kerman in 2022. Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 220 managers of non-governmental organizations in Kerman. The data were collected utilizing a demographic information questionnaire and a benevolent leadership questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: According to the results, the mean score of the benevolent leadership scale among the participants was reported as 174.34±11.97. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the type of services provided by institutions and organizations and the benevolent leadership scale score (P=0.039).Conclusion: The managers of charitable centers and non-governmental organizations were at a high and significant level in the component of benevolent leadership. Therefore, it is recommended that other service provider organizations take this leadership and management approach into consideration.

Nowadays, medical devices are widely used around the world. In every country, the safety of these devices is inextricably related to public health and security. Despite all these sensitivities and legal oversight, issues such as lack of transparency in the medical device supply chain, lack of real feedback from incidents and clinical reports related to these devices, and consequently the failure to update risk management systems and improve the quality of these devices, resulting in increased safety risks for users/patients. Therefore, the development and implementation of an effective post-market surveillance and management system for medical devices is essential.In this article, in addition to a review of some applications of blockchain technology in the health sector, the requirements and structural framework for an information and management system for post-market surveillance of medical devices based on this technology were also presented. This system was developed with the approach of tracking medical devices to enhance transparency, provide rapid information dissemination, and reduce the rate of adverse incidents, and clinical reports related to these devices throughout their supply chain. A blockchain-based post-market surveillance system for medical devices could provide all stakeholders with valuable and real recommendations and information in the form of smart contracts by ensuring complete informational transparency throughout the supply chain. Blockchain technology could be used by regulatory and oversight organizations to effectively monitor and manage the performance of medical devices, ensuring greater transparency, and thereby guaranteeing enhanced safety and quality for stakeholders.

One of the most important issues in the field of jurisprudence and family law, with a significant impact on the balance and mental health of family members, is the issue of couples’ sexual rights. One of the most essential aspects of sexual rights is enjoyment and compliance, which are covered in jurisprudence and law. The fulfillment of this issue among couples could have a significant impact on their mental health and the stability of the family foundation. The present study was fundamentally investigated using a qualitative approach based on jurisprudential, legal, and psychological documents. Exercising the right to obey and enjoy has been stated in significant legal examples such as religious acts, non-religious activities due to the presence of the wife in the society, leaving the house, or leaving the country, etc., which are important in the context of the family. The findings of the research indicated that the application of each of the mentioned examples and titles in the formulation of a healthy marriage, as well as the application of balance and limitation of each of its elements, are the most important spiritual effects to play an effective role in mental health (such as: creating mental peace due to satisfaction of the couples, providing empathy, providing adaptations based on persuasion of the spiritual needs of couples, etc.). One of the most essential and influential issues in the couples’ mental health is the spiritual satisfaction resulting from marriage, and the proper application of the rights of enjoyment, compliance, or conditions will have significant consequences.

Introduction: In medicine, paraffinoma is a rare and intriguing condition. This condition is characterized by an orbital lipogranulomatosis reaction caused by the penetration of mineral oils (especially paraffin) into the tissues surrounding the eye.Patients’ Presentation: This case series reported three cases of orbital paraffinoma. All cases were occurred following endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery. Consequently, a literature review was conducted on orbital and peri-ocular paraffinoma. The disease-related data were classified into disease definition, differential diagnosis, clinical manifestation, radiological manifestation, histopathological diagnosis, and treatment methods, which were comprehensively reviewed.Conclusion: Paraffinoma is a rare and time-delayed diagnosis following various peri-orbital surgeries, which might challenge the physician to make an accurate diagnosis at first. When patients with a history of sinus and nose surgery have masses around their orbit and eyelids, ophthalmologists should take this diagnosis into account in addition to other differential diagnoses. Therefore, otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists should prioritize prompt prevention and timely management.