BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2022 | Volume:19 | Issue:112|Papers Count:8

Problem statement: The question of ideology has occupied the minds of most urbanologists from the past to the present during modernity. The present study is a geographical-philosophical introduction to the role of this concept in the public spaces of cities. The discussion of ideology is one of the cases that has not been widely studied in explaining the physical, social, and psychological affairs of public spaces in Iran. From this point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in urbanological analysis. Based on this, this research seeks to answer the following questions: What can be done to create successful cities in the 21st century? How can the role of face-to-face presence in creating public spaces of cities be explained from the philosophical and scientific perspectives? What is ideology? And what effects does it have on the physical, social, and psychological spaces of cities? How does the relationship between socialist and neoliberal ideology and the public spaces of the city create a space? Research objective: This study attempts to shed light on the concept of ideology and show its relationship with urban public spaces from a geographical perspective to achieve urban spaces on a human scale. Research method: This study employed a textual analysis. To find the answer, we first tried to explain the characteristics of a good city, the role of face-to-face presence in human interactions, the formation of social affairs as well as the concept of public rights and collective interests. Then we explored the use of different socialist and neoliberal ideologies as a case study. Conclusion: The results show that limiting and expanding the concept of public space in cities based on various ideologies changes its spatial, social, and psychological form and create an active, vibrant, and democratic civil society in which the concept of the right to the city can find its true form, creating the possibility and opportunity for purposeful social interaction and exchange, is one of the requirements for the creation of this matter and also the factor of the success of cities in the past and will be in the future.

Statement of Problem: The national design histories have been both popular and challenged framework. This dual aspect has also intensified in the context of globalization. The dominant Functionalist approach limits the identity of products to their usability purposes,On the other hand, vanguard design historians based on Postcolonial approach consider product design to be inspired by different climatic and socio-cultural conditions. Therefore, how could product design, as a part of the nation's material culture, mean national or regional recognition? How does product design convey a particular national character to users? Research Method: In response to the above questions, the article is a qualitative study that has been done in descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. The study has examined the macro-essentialist methods to create a national design based on identifying the concept of national character in design. Research Objective: Recognizing the role of the national design and its Essentialist approach in global design history and to identify the methods and techniques applied to form a national design based on the creation of a national character. Conclusion: In this study, by examining the valid documents of the national design history, five general effective methods in establishing national character in product design were identified: Extraction of aesthetic features according to national character, Specific functional characteristics of the product derived from the national character, Designing products based on the citizens` lifestyle as a national brand, Constructing the product using native materials and its special manufacturing method and finally, a national design thinking that is rooted in the various worldviews. In all the methods, achieving an essential identity and creating a national character in design has been done by relying on two factors: "specific element or phenomenon of design" and "historical durability" of that element.

Problem statement: In the agreed-upon model of Wallas (1926), The Art of Thought, the third stage is illumination, which has remained a problem for design thinking. Without the ability to understand problem solving and illumination now, design thinking cannot be understood. Due to the instantaneity of this illumination and the nature of general illumination, it is impossible to provide a proper understanding of it. Many different methods have been developed to negate the designer’, s direct confrontation with the problem and refer it to previous instructions. This means that a direct understanding of the design situation is not possible. However, there is evidence that suggests a direct understanding of the design problem. The questions of the present study are as follows: Is it possible to have a direct understanding of the design situation? If so, what is the mechanism? What does it have to do with productive thinking? What effect could it have on architectural education? Research objective: The present study aims to examine the immediate and direct understanding of the design problem through practical observations of architectural design. Research method: The present study is qualitative. To collect the data, the thinking aloud technique was used. This technique has long been used in the study of thinking. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were carried out with architectural design students. The data were analyzed using a modified version of Goldschmidt’, s (1991) method. In addition, library sources were used. Conclusion: The present study introduces a three-stage model of insight. The designer first notices the inherent gaps in the design problem. These gaps have signs of structural connections within them, and understanding these connections leads to the restructuration of the design problem. These stages can be linked in a sequential cycle. The insight model shows that the designer can directly understand the above steps.

Problem statement: In the present era, with the advancement of technology in design and construction, the toy industry has entered a new phase of mass production with a significant profit for the owners of this industry. In addition, branding and advertising Barbie dolls among the different toys have caused them to stand at the top of the supply and demand chain in the world market. The repetition of Barbie characters over several generations has made it a collective memory for users, especially girls. Therefore, most children and adults know this character and have used it in their games and plays during their growth time. Research objective: This research investigates the functional effect of this best-selling toy in the formation of modern myths and the strengthening of the bourgeoisie around the world. In this regard, emphasizing Roland Barthes’,theory of mythologies, the human-object relationship is studied in the case of Barbie dolls. The objectives of the present research are to identify the signs related to the Barbie doll myth based on Roland Barthes’,theory and to find how the Barbie doll myth has been formed. Research method: The research method used is descriptive-analytical. The bibliographic and Internet data were used as the research sample. In the first phase of the research, Barbie’, s implications were mythologized to recognize the mythological language of the dolls as a meta-language. In the next phase, according to Barthes’,mythological criticism, meta-meta-language layers were identified and introduced. Conclusion: The research results show that mythologies have been used in the design, production, and sale of Barbie dolls. There are common implicit messages in the advertising and branding of Barbie dolls. They have hidden layers that affect the consumers’,subconscious and temporarily lead them to meta-Barbie consumption. Moreover, in the demythologization process, Barbie’, s domination turned out to include a wave of political and commercial services as well as the film industry and multimedia.

Problem statement: Urban regeneration and urban conservation originate from the concept of change in two contexts: conservation and development. For decades, attempts have been made to converge these two approaches by continuously changing and adopting new definitions, to a point where some scholars now consider them as a single integrated approach. Conversely, some studies find them contradictory due to pursuing different directions. However, previous research studies have not explored these approaches together, and their relationship or distinctions in the change process are not yet determined. Research objective: The present study aims to identify, compare, and contrast these two approaches. Hence, understanding their purposes, components, and definitions (i. e., urban regeneration and urban conservation), as well as their similarities and differences in the change process, is the main topic in question. Accordingly, this study aims at achieving a more constructive dialogue between these approaches in the cities. Research method: Apart from applying a qualitative comparative analysis for this study, the codes regarding urban regeneration, conservation, and change processes were extracted by selective coding. For this purpose, using a comparative variable-oriented method, the similarities and differences between urban regeneration and urban conservation were compared and analyzed in terms of certain aspects and details in the change process. Conclusion: According to current results, urban regeneration and urban conservation were not a single integrated approach, as they had different purposes, definitions, and components. Also, they were not necessarily contradictory and could be complementary and congruent times. Furthermore, they were simultaneously associated with components of both conservation and development, albeit with a different priority order.

Problem statement: Critics of today’, s Iranian architecture believe that Iranian architecture, which is many centuries old, now lacks its values and identity and is considered the product of modern architecture schools and modern architecture education, and the abnormalities in it are related to the quality of architectural education and profession. Investigating the status of architectural design workshops has been one of the most important challenges for researchers in the country in recent decades,but what is clear is that architecture is influenced by various factors, the existence of which obscures the role of the architect and his teachings as the creator of the work. Research objective: The purpose of this article is to identify the influential components in education on today’, s architecture from the perspective of architecture professors. In fact, this article seeks to clarify, reveal, and explain the components and factors desired by professors of architecture. Research method: This research is based on the paradigm of social interpretivism from a cognitive perspective and is of a qualitative type. The strategy of choice in this research is that of the underlying theory. The analyses were performed using the systematic coding method of Strauss and Corbin using “, MAXQDA 12”,software. Conclusion: The results show that a set of conditions, including causal, intervening, and contextual conditions, affect the core category, but intervening conditions and contexts that are extroverted play a major role. Extracurricular factors include pre-university education, media culture, and organizations and institutions related to construction.

Problem statement: The history and story of the Prophet Noah are among the important religious topics reflected in the paintings. The narrative of the Prophet Noah’, s Ark is the theme of many paintings in different Islamic periods. The description of this historical and religious event is also presented in the Holy Qur’, an. Therefore, this necessitates the comparison of Persian Islamic paintings to the text of the Qur’, an. Research objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the amount of similarity of these paintings to the text of the Holy Qur’, an. Also, this study was an attempt to answer these research questions 1-To what extent do the paintings of the Ark of Prophet Noah (PBUH) in the manuscripts of the Rashidi Ilkhanid Jami ‘, al-Tawarikh, the Timurid Majma al-Tavarikh, and the Safavid Qasas al-Anbiya match the text of the Holy Qur’, an? 2-What are the similarities and differences between the paintings of the narration of the Ark of the Prophet Noah (AS) in these three manuscripts? Research method: For this purpose, in the present study, library, documentary, and pictorial data were examined using a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach. Cases of the study include paintings of Noah’, s Ark in the manuscripts of the Rashidi Ilkhanid Jami ‘, al-Tawarikh in the Royal Society of Asia in London (Nasser Khalili Collection), the Timurid Majma al-Tavarikh written by Hafiz Abru. This is preserved in the David Collection, and the Safavid Qasas al-Anbiya is preserved in the British Library. These paintings were compared with the text of the Holy Qur’, an. Conclusion: The results of the research show that compared to the paintings of the Jami ‘, al-Tawarikh and Majma al-Tavarikh manuscripts, the narrative of Prophet Noah’, s Ark in the Qasas al-Anbiya is similar to the text of the Holy Qur’, an to a great extent.

Statement of Problem: Humans' lived experiences show that individuals need meaning to connect to their "being". However, according to the philosophy of existentialism, there is no pre-designed plan, leading to the challenge of meaning creation in a meaningless world. Some existentialist thinkers, such as Camus and Sartre, believed that man must create and discover the meaning of his life, not the meaning assigned to them by God or nature. After such creation, they dedicate themselves to realizing that meaning to reduce the feeling of loss and regret of the passage of life. Tourism is supposed to give meaning to life while also contributing as an informative and pleasant activity. Objective: Conceptualization is an undeniable necessity in our country, especially in the field of humanities and social sciences. Tourism is one of the areas experiencing a lack of attention in this regard due to its focus on the re-examination of the current concepts and theories while failing to consider novel alternatives. Therefore, the present study aims to foster interdisciplinary knowledge and conceptualization across the intended subject to illustrate the role of different types of tourism in the current human semantic therapy. Research Question: In which method of semantic therapy can each type of tourism contribute? Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, interdisciplinary concepts can be discovered in two disciplines and specialized discourses of tourism and psychotherapy, yielding a different level of cognition and knowledge. Based on the results, experience and worldly-wise, as one of the ways to make sense of life, had the highest rank, followed by hedonism and self-actualization in the second and third ranks of semantic therapy in different types of tourism, respectively. Also, public interest tourism had the potential to establish the highest number of sense-making ways, followed by community-based tourism, VFR tourism, and ethnic/nomad tourism.