Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in infans and children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rhubarb syrup in improving acute diarrhea in children.Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 1-6-year-old children with acute viral diarrhea referred to Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran, from October 2021 to October 2022. Children were randomly divided into two groups- the intervention group (rhubarb syrup) and the placebo group- and were treated and followed up for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of loose stools, and the secondary outcome was the length of hospital stay and recovery from acute diarrhea. Intention-to-treat (ITT), log-rank tests, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were used to analyze the data. A significant level of P < 0.05 was set for the present study.Results: Totally, 96 children were included in the study (two groups of 48 individuals). After the intervention, no statistically significant difference was found in mean diarrhea frequency between the two study groups (P = 0.809; CI = 0.752-1.895), but the mean frequency of diarrhea at discharge was significantly lower in both groups than at the beginning of the hospital stay (P < 001). Statistically, no significant difference was observed between the study groups in the duration of recovery from the start of treatment (P = 0.296; CI = 2.71-3.28) and the number of hospitalization days (P = 0.193). Three cases of gastrointestinal complications occurred in the rhubarb syrup group and one case of skin complications occurred in the placebo group, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.242; P = 1.0, respectively).Conclusion: The results of the study show that rhubarb syrup has no significant effect on the treatment of acute viral diarrhea, despite its minor side effects.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Stimulants as a first-line treatment are not effective in some cases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Persian Iranian medicine (TIM) for children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Data were collected mainly from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus databases until Dec 2022. The keywords related to ADHD, traditional Persian medicine (TPM), and (TIM) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened 714 abstracts and eventually, eight trials were included in the systematic reviews. Changes in the severity of ADHD symptoms were considered based on the validated cutoff on recognized rating scales as the result of the effect of TIM on ADHD. Results: Interventions included herbal extracts of Passiflora incarnate, whey protein, Ginkgo biloba, Crocus sativus L, sweet almond syrup, and horse milk. In all studies, except G. biloba, there was evidence of a reduction in the severity of ADHD. Low evidence could be found for G. biloba. Conclusion: Herbal and traditional remedies are an efficient and safe solution to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD. In future studies, TIM as a complementary therapy may be useful to alleviate ADHD symptoms, especially in children who are resistant to stimulant medications.

Infertility is defined as the inability of couples to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, which affects 10-15% of couples. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) on three groups of infertile males, including control, azoospermia, and oligozoospermia. In total, this study was performed on 93 participants, consisting of 18, 65, and 10 subjects in the Azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and control groups, respectively. The mean plasma levels of IL-17 in the azoospermia and oligozoospermia groups were 21.317±3.605 and 15.101±2.416 ng/l, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (5.392±1.731 ng/l). Furthermore, the mean plasma levels of GDF9 in the azoospermia and oligozoospermia groups were 3.299±1.051 and 6.2603±2.621 ng/l, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (12.807±2.170 ng/l). One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post-hoc test were performed to assess significant differences among means. R-squared measures how well the linear regression model fits the data. It can be interpreted as the proportion of variance of the outcome Y explained by the linear regression model. R-squared is a number between 0 and 1. In non-obstructive forms of severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia, like the case in the current study, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is suggested by using testicular biopsy for spermatozoa extraction, if viable spermatozoa are present.

This study investigates the efficiency of CO2 elimination from airflow using a venturi washing device, focusing on the role of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and magnetic fields in enhancing nanofluid performance. The research examines various parameters, including intake airflow, solvent flow rate, magnetic field type and strength, and CO2 absorption using water/iron oxide nanoplates. Key findings reveal that a nano-iron oxide/water nanofluid (25%) combined with graphene nanoplates (75%) at a 0.5% mass concentration in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide optimizes performance. Absorption efficiency initially peaks with increased inlet airflow but declines with further increases. In the absence of a magnetic field, efficiency rises with a solvent flow rate increase from 1 to 2 L/min but decreases beyond that. Conversely, constant magnetic fields reduce efficiency, with notable decreases at higher field strengths. Optimal CO2 absorption efficiency of 94.5% is achieved at an airflow rate of 4.8 m³/min and a solvent flow rate of 2 L/min without a magnetic field. Alternating magnetic fields enhance efficiency, achieving up to 99.8% under specific conditions. The study underscores the importance of balancing airflow and solvent flow rates for maximizing CO2 absorption efficiency in venturi devices.

The Corrosion Inhibitive effectiveness of Urena lobata leaves extract on mild steel in 1M NaOH solution was investigated via gravimetric, Electrochemical and Surface analyses. Adsorption isotherms were investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) technique was used for phytochemical screening. The protective effect of the leaves extract through immersion time, temperature and concentration were obtained. The results showed increasing inhibition efficiency with corresponding increase in extract’s concentration and protection was more at lower temperature. Using 2.5g/L of extract concentration, maximum inhibition efficiency of 100% was recorded. The corrosion rate increased with corresponding increase temperature in the basic medium. The adsorption process reduced as temperature increased thereby indicating physisorption. Chemisorption was detected since the Langmuir isotherms gave the best fit and observations from inhibition efficiency with varying temperature, activation energy and enthalpy of adsorption values confirmed physisorption thereby indicating extracts’ mixed properties. The inhibition efficiencies (% IE) were attributed to the phytochemical components (alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, cynagenic glycosides) present in the extract. Urena lobata is an effective corrosion inhibitor of mild steel.

This study investigated the impact of different boron doses (Boron-free, 80 L/ha, and 10 L/ha) on the yield and components of yarrow essential oil. The study utilized a randomized block trial design with three replicated field studies conducted between 2017 and 2018 in the Kütahya-Gediz region of Turkey. The essential oil of this species was extracted using the hydro-distillation procedure. The essential oil ratios were 0.66-0.59% in the plants grown without boron, 0.82-0.81% in the plants grown with the 80 L/ha boron dose, and 0.70-0.69% in the plants grown with the 10 L/ha boron dose, based on examinations conducted on dry flowers in 2017-2018. Employing GC-MS/FID analysis, 20 components of the yarrow essential oils were identified. 19 components were detected in the boron-free dose, while 18 were found in the dose 80 L/ha and 10 L/ha of boron. The main components of the essential oil (EO) based on boron doses were determined as follows: α-pinene at 16.25%, 20.50%, and 17.38%; Chrysanthenone at 16.54%, 19.29%, and 20.05%; cis-chrysanthenyl acetate at 11.33%, 15.26%, and 13.29%; and Filifolone at 10.00%, 11.46%, and 11.30%. The ratios of yarrow essential oil and its constituents were influenced positively by the applications of 80 L/ha and 10 L/ha natural boron supplementation. We can recommend applying 80 L/ha boron to the yarrow plant grown for its essential oil to obtain a high essential oil yield.

A Roman dominating function (or just \textit{RDF}) on a graph $G =(V, E)$ is a function $f: V \longrightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ satisfying the condition that every vertex $u$ for which $f(u) = 0$ is adjacent to at least one vertex $v$ for which $f(v) = 2$. The weight of an \textit{RDF} $f$ is the value $f(V)=\sum_{u \in {V}}f(u)$. An \textit{RDF} $f$ can be represented as $f=(V_0,V_1,V_2)$, where $V_i=\{v\in V:f(v)=i\}$ for $i=0,1,2$. An \textit{RDF} $f=(V_0,V_1,V_2)$ is called a locating Roman dominating function (or just \textit{L\textit{RDF}}) if $N(u)\cap V_2\neq N(v)\cap V_2$ for any pair $u,v$ of distinct vertices of $V_0$. The locating-Roman domination number $\gamma_R^L(G)$ is the minimum weight of an \textit{L\textit{RDF}} of $G$. A graph $G$ is said to be a locating Roman domination edge  critical graph, or just $\gamma_R^L$-edge critical graph, if $\gamma_R^L(G-e)>\gamma_R^L(G)$ for all $e\in E$. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the class of $\gamma_R^L$-edge critical graphs.

Quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) tree has been introduced as a self-compatible tree, but due to the very low fruit set in some orchards/genotypes and some reports about self-compatible alleles, it is necessary to investigate the effect of using out-crossing for improving and increasing yield of different cultivars of this species. This study was carried out on 'Isfahan' quince cultivar in the orchard of Fajr Agricultural Company, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments including cross-pollination with 'Limouei' quince cultivar, open pollination, hand self-pollination, and self-pollination. The flowers of cultivar 'Isfahan' were emasculated in the balloon stage and were pollinated with the pollen of 'Limouei'. For self-pollination treatment, flowers in the balloon stage were covered with a bag without any emasculation or crossing. For hand self-pollination, 'Isfahan' flowers were emasculated and pollinated with 'Isfahan' pollen. The highest percentage of initial and final fruit sets was obtained in the cross-pollination treatment with 'Limouei' followed by the open pollination treatment. There was no fruit set in the self-pollination treatment. Outcrossing by 'Limouei' resulted in the highest number of seeds as well as the fruit weight. Fruit quality traits such as TSS, TA, firmness, pectin, and total phenol content did not show a significant difference among cross-pollination with 'Limouei', open pollination, and hand self-pollination. Using different cultivars with proper overlap at flowering time can increase the percentage of fruit set.

In this work, we examine several widely-used interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives with respect to admissible orders. We are concerned with interval-valued fuzzy negations, automorphisms, fuzzy implications and aggregation functions with respect to $K_{\alpha,\beta}$ orders and arbitrary intervals on $L([0, 1])$. We also make a discussion of width-preserving interval-valued fuzzy equivalence functions and fuzzy dissimilarity functions with respect to arbitrary admissible orders and the intervals with the same width on $L([0, 1])$. Then we bring some approaches to constructing the proposed interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives with respect to admissible orders.