Background & Objective: Interns are one of the most important groups among medical student, and thus, must learn to use evidence-based Medicine (EBM). The present study was performed with the aim of evaluating the knowledge of medical interns of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Iran, on evidence-based Medicine in 2013.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 medical interns were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were gathered using a standard questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and SPSS software.Results: The information source for clinical decision making in 65.7% of interns were their textbooks among which 62.9% used textbooks because of their accessibility. In addition, 95.7% of interns believed EBM to be useful in improving patient care. However, only 37.1% of them knew the meaning of EBM and 95.7% were not familiar with EBM internet sites.Conclusion: Integrated planning is necessary in order to include EBM courses in medical curriculum and to teach the use of internet and correct forms of searching.

Islamic Medicine includes several instructions, which would be helpful in advancement of Muslims if being followed. Some of these instructions are related to different health issues. Miswak or Arak tree (Salvadora persica) belongs to the Salvadoraceae family, and is a plant mentioned in Islamic texts with regard to oral and dental health. The instructions of Islamic Medicine about the tree are a major reason for widespread use of the plant in Islamic countries. In this review paper, we addressed the evidence related to the miswak tree using Quran, hadith sources, traditional Medicine books, and some modern references. In a part of the paper, we pointed to some Quran interpretations and hadiths with regard to Islamic Medicine instructions. The Arabic term in the Quran points to the Arak tree, which has several interpretations. In some hadiths, cure from some diseases and increased wealth have been mentioned as the advantages of the miswak tree. In another part of the paper, the importance of miswak tree in traditional Medicine and pharmacy, and the experience of ancient scientists about the tree are mentioned. Finally, some new findings about the medicinal properties of the miswak plant and their main components are provided. It is found that the plant is effective in tooth decay prevention. In studies carried out on people using miswak tree, it has been shown that the need for treatment of plaque and periodontal inflammation is lower in those who use the plant. Following these valuable instructions about the plant would lead to higher personal and public health level. Considering the effects of the Arak tree, including its antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, digestive, and constipating effects, and also with regard to its socioeconomic advantages, it is suggested that using modern technology, the regular use of this plant be encouraged.

Background: Very recently, Eric Topol, a physician-scientist, introduced his “ deep Medicine” theory in 2019. This theory has been originated from the last two decades advancements of systems Medicine and digital Medicine, science and technology convergence in biological fields and formation of the precision Medicine. The transcendent Medicine theory that has been derived from Sadr ad-Din Shirazi’ s transcendent theosophy looks to Medicine with a holistic view. Materials and Methods: In extension of the theory of Transcendent Medicine, we discussed paradigm shift in Medicine with deep Medicine theory and its three components were challenged via the viewpoints of transcendent Medicine. Results: The body theosophy which has been derived from the transcendent Medicine theory is the counterpart of “ deep phenotyping” component of deep Medicine. The speculative reason of Ibn-Sins’ s science of soul which has been projected in transcendent Medicine theory could be compare with “ deep learning” component of deep Medicine theory. With extraction of Ibn-Arabi’ s concept of perfect man and its integration with transcendent Medicine, the advanced model this theory could present “ deep empathy” , the third component of deep Medicine. Conclusion: The transcendent Medicine theory expresses all three components of deep Medicine in a unique form. Hence, this theory could be used as a tool in the paradigm shift of modern Medicine.

Evidence based Medicine (EBM) can be found as far back as the 1940s. However, it was in 1972 that the concept first came into play, originated by Professor Archie Cochrane, in his book, Effectiveness & Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services.

In the past, disease diagnosis was based on symptoms that might be indicative of several diseases. Nowadays, diagnosis of some diseases has become more accurate because we are able to test for genes known to be associated with the disease. This method not only clearly identifies the presence of a particular disease; it can also precisely determine the subtype of the disease. Throughout history, the practice of Medicine has largely been reactive. Even now days, we have to wait until the onset of diseases and then try to treat or cure them. As we don’t fully understand the genetic and environmental factors that cause major diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s and diabetes, our efforts to treat them are often imprecise, unpredictable and ineffective.In addition, the drugs and treatments we devise are tested on broad populations and are prescribed using statistical averages.