The main purpose of this research was to compare the physical and chemical characteristics of Common compost and vermicompost (obtained from the same condition and organic matter).The worm species used in this research was Eisenia fetida. This research was carried out in green house for 5 months and it was performed in factorial RCD with 4 replicates. Experimental treatments consisted of 3 combination levels of organic matter as: 1- (A) 60% of cow manure and 40% of plant debris, 2- (B) 50% of cow manure and 50% of plant debris, 3- (C) 40% of cow manure and 60% of plant debris. And second factor was: 1- (W1) & 2- (W0) the treatment with or without any earthworm, respectively (earthworm treatment).The results demonstrated that the earthworm treatment effect on the whole measured characteristics (20 characteristics) except of Zn and EC amount has been significant (P£0.01). The vermicompost treatment which was measured 13 characteristics for it (65% of characteristics), was the first (class a). W1 in 15 measured characteristics (75%) and W0 by 25% characteristics were in the first and second class, respectively. Thus, the treatment of vermicompost consists of 60% cow manure and 40% of plant debris with Eisenia fetida has been known the best kind of compost.

vermicompost is one of the most nutritious organic compost which is produced by some species of earthworms such as (Eisenia foetida) and has several applications in plant cultivation. Increase in flowering and product, decrease in germination time are some examples of its application. Because of enormous amount of protein and vitamin in earthworm, it can be used as a new source of food complementary for fowl and fish. The importance of earthworm in garbage recycling is also taken into consideration. By controlling culture environmental parameters such as pH, moisture and temperature, 300 earthworms were placed in its appropriate media, to produce vermicompost in 75 days. Chemicals analysis between vermicompost produced in this research showed better quality than usual agricultural composts. Because the percentages of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc are higher in the vermicompost. The results showed the abundance of organic materials such as 15 amino acids (Arg, Ser, Met, His, Asp, Leu, Gly, Tyr, Glu, Phe), 2 essential fatty acids, sugars and vitamins (Niacin, Riboflavin, Pentoic acid, Thiamin, Folic acid, Biotin, B12 and B6). Thus, earth worms flour may be used in plant cultivation and also as a new source of food complementary for fowl and fish.

To investigate the effect of vermicompost, N fertilizer and their integration on growth, biological and essential yields oil and its components in two populations (Varamin and Isfahan), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Isfahan Medicinal Plants Research Center in 2016. Fertilizer treatments including 100% urea, vermicompost 33.3 and urea 66.6%, vermicompost 66.6 and urea 33.3%, 100% vermicompost and control treatment (without fertilizer) as the first factor and Varamin and Isfahan populations as the second factor were selected. The results showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer and populations on all studied traits were significant. In both populations, nitrogen fertilizer improved height, biological and essential oil yields, content of essential oil compounds (d-Carvone and its yield, α-phellandrene and linalool; except p-Cymene and Limonene in Isfahan population). Since in medicinal plants, the quantity (biological yield) and quality (essential oil and d-Carvone; the most important ingredient and the highest amount of essential oil in this experiment), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea in Varamin population, was the best treatment in the experiment. In addition an in the direction of human health and sustainable agriculture, it is possible to reduce 33% of chemical fertilizers application and pollution; however, in terms of other essential oil contents (α-phellandrene, Linalool and p-Cymene), 100% vermicompost fertilizer treatment was superior in Isfahan population.

Purpose This study was carried out to assess the effect of integrating microbiological fortification with vermicomposting process on biofertilizing quality of vermicompost as well as improvement of the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the product. Method A mixture of cow dung and vegetable market waste (1: 1) was used for vermicomposting with Eisenia foetida as the decomposer earthworm @ 10 no. of worm kg-1 substrate. Nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (NFB and PSB)Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were integrated with this composting process at varying doses viz. 0, 5 and 10 g kg-1 substrate under different combinations. Changes in the population of these two bio-fertilizing microorganisms and the availability of relevant nutrients in the substrates were monitored periodically to assess the behaviors of these microorganisms and their effects on the produced vermicompost. Results All the inoculations resulted in substantial increments in population of both NFB and PSB over the control. However, the increments were more prominent for NFB than the PSB. Significant increments in the amount of mineralized nitrogen and solubilized phosphate over the control were observed in almost all the treatment combinations. Conclusion Integration of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria with vermicomposting process resulted in substantial enrichment of the product. This benefit was observed not only in terms of increased availability of the two major plant nutrients of concern viz. N and P, but also in significant improvement in the population of the inoculated microorganisms turning the product into a potential source of bio-fertilizers.

One of the best ways for recycling is the Producing of vermicompost from municipal waste. Worms optimal separation of organic material after finishing process increases the rate of decomposition of waste by composting worms placed. To design and build a system for induction heating the substrate in a controlled vermicompost fertilizer which leads to separation worms from bed and does not get hurt, the thermal parameters manure vermicompost is the essential. The method of mixtures and hot wire as a heating source was used for measuring the specific heat and thermal conductivity of vermicompost, respectively. The measurements were done at 40, 50, 60 and 70º C temperature levels and 20, 30, 40 and 50% (w. b) moisture content levels. The specific heat of vermicompost increased from 1. 6537 to 3. 5236 kj/kg° C, with increase in the experimental temperature and moisture content levels. The thermal conductivity of vermicompost increased from 0. 1054 to 0. 9163 wm-1° C, with increase the temperature and moisture content.

While excessive chemical input into agricultural lands has caused environmental problems, deteriorating crop quality, disease and pest resistance in plants, and declining soil fertility, concerns about food security and enhanced quality of agricultural products have been steadily rising in most human communities. Meanwhile, more than 60% of Iran's agricultural land is located in arid and semi-arid areas that are poor in organic matter. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to improve soil fertility by application of organic matter to soil. A major portion of the vermicompost research in the past was focused on the effects of this organic fertilizer on the performance and yield of different farm, horticultural, ornamental, and medicinal crops; mitigation of plant stresses; and soil physicochemical properties. Based on the results obtained, application of vermicompost, either alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, at 5‒ 10 t/ha for medicinal plants, 20‒ 30% of pot volume for ornamental plants, 20‒ 60 t/ha for crop plants, 40‒ 80 t/ha every two or three years for vegetables and summer fruits, and 30‒ 60 t/ha every three years for fruit trees has been recommended. Application of vermicompost fertilizer seems not only to improve soil physicochemical properties but also to reduce significantly the amount of chemical fertilizers used, thereby contributing positively to sustainable crop production.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

Purpose This study performed a feasibility assessment of nitrogen enrichment by some organic wastes through vermicomposting as well as its release as a bioavailable form over time. Methods Soybean and canola wastes as well as the dairy blood powder of industrial slaughterhouse were used as organic wastes to enrich the vermicompost. Composted materials were incubated for nitrogen mineralization kinetic assessment by adjusting moisture content to 50% at 30 ˚ C for 80 days. During the incubation, moisture was maintained by weighing. Subsamples were collected after 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of incubation. Results Among the treatments, those for 25% dairy blood powder contained the highest nitrogen content (4. 95 and 3. 70% for chicken and cow blood powder, respectively). Nitrogen mineralization through 80 days of incubation ranged from 2. 23% (for 50% canola waste treatment) to 2. 57% (for 25% blood powder) of the total nitrogen. The mineralization rate ranged from 4. 24 and 3. 62 mg kg-1 day-1 for the compost containing 25% chicken and cow blood powder, respectively, to 0. 94 and 0. 84 mg kg-1 day-1 in canola and soybean waste, respectively, whereas those for the control treatment equaled 0. 81 mg kg-1 day-1. Conclusion Composts containing 25% blood powder were acceptable in terms of quantity and nitrogen release over time, and can serve as a reliable source of available nutrients in the soil.