If we consider hijab as a behavior, like any other behavior, it follows certain regularities. According to sociological and psychological theories, performing a behavior is influenced by certain factors one of which is the individual’s awareness of and information about the specific behavior. In other words, the individual’s level of cognition determines his / her action and behavior. This information and knowledge about objects, phenomena, and concepts are obtained through the process of socialization. In this paper, socialization is studied according to functionalism and symbolic interaction perspective. Here, family, school, age group, and social and communicative institutions are introduced as factors determining hijab socialization, with the disharmony and dysfunction of these factors resulting in the vulnerability of hijab socialization process.

Nowadays enhancement of occurrence, spread of damages and the appearance of losses which arise from the technology and knowledge products, shows necessity of the remedies beyond the classical boundaries of civil responsibility alongside the changing general thought. Accomplishment of most of these needs occur with the aid of the social remedies systems which are supported and also situated in civil remedies systems. "Social risks" alongside the "socialization of risks" are new concepts which are containing all of the damages beyond the civil responsibilities of jurisdiction and its redress ways. The terms are multifunctional and it increases their ambiguity. Exposing, surveying of various definitions, explaining the meaning of socialization of risk and its reason are the purposes of this research.

social values and norms are reviewed and practiced by individuals membership in sport teams. This provides the promotion of social solidarity. According to the Nickson and Fray who are two pioneers of sport sociologist, the results of "socialization through sport" causes learning and making individual believes, attitudes, skills improvement, role socialization and gender identity. These learnings are transmitted to the other aspects of athletic life, and cause many success in its realm of collective and group activities. In other words, these learnings lead to other life athletic situations. This study deals with scientific co-authorship which is concerned as an index of socialization through sport. The method of this study is content analysis and comparison of specific journals of athletic and non-athletic researchers and writers. In this paper 931 papers from 114 journals written in 1370s and early 1380s were studied with respect to the collaborative research and co-authorship. The result of this study shows that there are significant differences between two groups of athletic and non-athletic with regard to scientific group work. The graduated students of physical education in M.A and Ph.D degrees are much more than the others in sociology and economics. This survey indicates that educated women in sport major are more successful in scientific group work than other women in sociology and economics.  

Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced women and 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women and 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced women and 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

Gender socialization process, as a basis for the reproduction of gender inequalities, has undergone major changes. As societies move from traditional to modern conditions and old structures and values are questioned, re-defined male and female identities require examination by social scientists. The studys objective is to identify patterns of gender socialization and its changes over time. It relies on qualitative methods, using group discussions and participant observation. The research examines learned gender symbols and roles, shifts in the family structure, and changes in gender norms among women and men across three generational groups. The findings reveal broad and imbalanced changes in gender socialization among the new generation. The discrepancy between the aspirations and expectations of young women and existing realities has led to tensions between social forces.

Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced women and 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women and 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced women and 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.