WILMS’ TUMOR is the most common pediatric renal TUMOR, but cardiac metastases from this TUMOR are rare. An 8-year–old boy presented with hematuria and lower extremity pain. Computed tomography revealed a left renal mass. In addition, pre-operative echocardiography revealed a large homogenous mass in the right atrium, extending from the inferior vena cava and protruding through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.The patient underwent combined radical nephrectomy and removal of the mass from the inferior vena cava and right heart chambers, followed by immunotherapy. Pathology confirmed undifferentiated WILMS’ TUMOR in both the left kidney and the right heart chambers.The extension of WILMS’ TUMOR to the great vessels and the heart chambers indirectly affects the final outcome. It seems in most cases, combination surgery and chemotherapy is the choice method of treatment, and the selection of chemotherapy or surgery as the primary line of treatment depends on TUMOR thrombus extension and the patient’s condition at the time of diagnosis.

Wilms TUMOR is the most common renal malignancy in childhood, whereas, it only consists 1% of adult renal TUMORs. It is much more difficult to diagnose in adults because of large differential diagnosis of adults renal masses. A 16 years old female with nonspecific right flank pain was referred. Computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed a large renal mass occupying the right flank area with IVC and intra-ureteral extension. Biopsy also showed a nonspecific spindle cell carcinoma. She underwent an urgent surgery because of intra ventricular extension of the TUMOR. Pathological assessment also approved the wilms TUMOR. Regarding the rarity of this lesion in adults, they are treated with the current protocols which are recommended for children. Therefore, the case was treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy as stage 5a and National Wilms TUMOR Study (NWTS) protocols. Unfortunately, she had a recurrence in her right lung two years after the surgery which was treated with surgery and chemotherapy. She again had a recurrence four months later which ended up in patient's death due to stopping the treatment.

Cyclooxygenase 2 has become an important pharmacological target in anticancer therapy due to the over expression of COX 2 in pathological conitdions. WILMS’ TUMOR is a common kidney cancer in children which has shown an increase in COX 2 enzyme level. Here we reviewed various articles that considered the cyclooxygenase 2 changes specifically in WILMS’ TUMOR regarding the mechanisms of action and inhibitors of COX 2.

Extrarenal Wilms" TUMOR is extremely rare. Approximately 54 cases have been reported in the world literature through 1993. Only eight extrarenal Wilms" TUMORs were enrolled in the National Wilms" TUMOR Study (NWTS) between 1980 and 1986. These cases constituted a fraction of 1% of all Wilms" TUMORs reported to the N.W.T.S during this period. The authors report a case of retroperitoneal Wilms" TUMOR (Stage III) presenting as a lower abdominal mass in a previously healthy 6-year-old girl who was operated and staged according to the current N.W.T.S III criteria.

Background and Objective: Wilms’ TUMOR (WT) is the most common genitourinary tract TUMOR in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs; their role in the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers has been identified. We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-21, a well-known oncomir, in WT tissue samples which is a very common urinary tract malignancy in children. Methods: We performed chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) to detect the sub-cellular localization of miR-21 in 25 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of WT. We also evaluated miR-21 expression in 24 of these blocks and 6 normal kidneys as controls using quantitative real-time PCR technique. Results: While our real-time PCR analysis showed miR-21 significant overexpression in 4 TUMORs compared to the normal kidney samples, we could not detect significant ISH signal in any of these samples. Conclusion: Low expression of miR-21 in WT might pinpoint the weak involvement of this miRNA in the pathogenesis of this cancer.

Background: WILMS’ TUMOR (nephroblastoma) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of WILMS’ TUMOR and the results of combined modality treatment obtained in our center in Tehran. Methods: Fifty-five patients diagnosed as having WILMS’ TUMOR were studied in the period between February 1992 and March 2002. Demographic features, mode of presentation, associated anomalies, the stage of TUMOR, histopathologic results, and the survival rates were evaluated.Results: Of these 55 patients, 31 were males and 24 were females (M/F = 1.2). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45.2 months. The distribution of 54 operated patients according to the surgical stage was: stage I 32.7%, stage II 16.36%, stage III 38.1%, stage IV 9%, and stage V 1.8% (one patient (1.8%) has not been operated).Favorable histology was diagnosed in 54.5% and unfavorable histology in 43.6% of the patients. The patients were treated according to National WILMS’ TUMOR Study protocols. The relapse-free and overall 4 years survival rates were 71% and 86%, respectively.Conclusion: As a developing country, with similar relapse free and overall survival rates to National WILMS’ TUMOR Study, our institution showed an improvement in the treatment of patients with WILMS’ TUMOR in recent 10 years, but with more adaptation to the National WILMS’ TUMOR Study treatment protocols better optimum results seem to be achievable.

Introduction: Wilms' TUMOR is the most common malignant and primary renal TUMOR  in children. Studies, which have been done in some countries, have introduced numerous factors such as age of incidence, stage, lymphadenopathy, histopathology and etc. Effective in the survival rate of this TUMOR according to the importance of this TUMOR in children, we decided to perform a study about the survival rate of Wilms' TUMOR and the effective 'factors on it.Materials and methods: This is an analytic study on 128 patients affected with Wilms' TUMOR whom referred to the oncology ward of Hazrat-e-Ali Asghar Hospital between 1977 and 2001. In addition to the current status of the patients, demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms, laboratory studies at the time of diagnosis and the stage of the disease were recorded and ultimately survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier procedure and life table. Cox Regression was used to determine the effective factors.Results: The mean survival rate was 82.99 months. The number of patients was equal in both genders (64 patients in each gender) and the survival average did not have any significant statistical relationship with gender (power = %92.4). Most of the TUMORs were in stage 3 at the time of diagnosis. The survival of the patients was reducing significantly, with the progression of the stage of TUMOR (P = 0,002). The existence of metastasis (P=0.000, odds ratio 0.207), splenomegaly (P = 0.018, odds ratio = 0.336), and recurrent (P= 0,037, odds ratio = 0.184), were significantly reducing the survival of the patient. To determine the severity of effective factors on the survival rate of the patients Cox Regression Method was used in with, absence of metastasis and positive blood group were from well-prognosis predictive factors in these patients.Conclusion: 5-year survival rate of the patients was 63.28% in this study which was lower in comparison with the results of other studies in other countries. This can be the result of delay in consulting with medical centers, the diagnosis method and or the Referral State of this center. Recent studies have shown that age and TUMOR size has minimal values in the prognosis or the patients due to improvement in the quality of treatment and our study support this idea. Genetic factors will probably be used in determining the survival of these patients and also in their treatment.

Teratoid Wilm’, s TUMOR is a rare variant of Wilm’, s TUMOR, which composed of well-differentiated epithelial cells or mesenchymal heterologous elements constituting more than 50% of the conventional wilm’, s TUMORs in pediatric group. We hereby report an additional case in a 6-year-old female along with review of literature.