This studyinvestigated variations in diversity and abundance of wintering waterfowls and WADERS in four different parts of Anzali international wetland (East, West, Central and Siahkieshim) in northern Iran based on 8 years of mid-winter census (2006-2007 and 2009 -2014). During this period, 70 species of waterbirds and WADERS winter ingidentified in this wetland. Highest number of birds was observed in 2014 and lowest in 2005 with 125427 and 68953 individuals respectively both occurring in Choukam. Anatidae family was the dominant group among waterbirds with 19 species and average 65.99±6.52 percent of total migratory population. Margalef and Menhinick's richness indices peaked in 2013 and 2006 respectively. Highest species diversity, based on Shannon-wiener and Simpson indices found in 2009. Species evenness index showed the peak in 2005 using Camargo index whereas it was the highest in 2009 and 2010 calculated by Simpson index. Highest diversity and density found in Central part of Anzali wetland in each year and in terms of Morista Index and PCA test, we found highest similarity in central and east parts of the wetland during the study period. The survey showed, despite threats and problems of Anzali wetland in recent years, changing diversity and density waterfowls and WADERS emphasizing on temperature condition was always in fluctuation.

Considering the Situation and Conditions of Wetland Ecosystems in the World, Many Different Species of Birds are Ecologically Dependent on the Lagoons and Through Various Compromises these Unique Ecosystems are used as a Suitable and Important Habitat To Make. Therefore, The Study of the Variation and Fluctuations in the Population of Aquatic Birds During Different Years can be a Biological Indicator of the health Status or the Presence of Threats in Wetland Ecosystems. In this Study, to Study the Biodiversity of Birds Waterfowl and WADERS the Wintering of Poldokhtar Wetlands in 2009-2015, from Species diversity Indices (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's Image), Species Richness (Margaluf index), Species Uniformity ( Smith-Wilson and Simpson Dominance Indexes) and for the Similarity of the Species of Birds in Different Years, the Morrista index was studied using Ecological Methodology, Species Diversity and Richness total of 16986 bird species from 6 orders, 14 dwarfs and 43 species have lived in the wetland wetlands. The density of birds at the surface of the wetlands is 52. 9 and 58 Percent of the Habitats have WADERS habitats and 42 Percent have Waterfowl Habitats. The Results of Survey of Biodiversity Index of Birds in Poldokhtar wetlands Showed that the Highest Variety, According to the Biodiversity Index of 2009, the lowest and the highest in 2012, the Highest Species Diversity, 2013 and 2009, the Lowest Level of Species Uniformity in the Year 2013 and the Lowest in the year 2009 Have Been the Least Species Richness of Birds. Based on the Morrista Similarity Index, the Most Similar species of the birds community in Poldokhtar wetlands related to 2012 with 2014 is the Similarity of 1 and the Least Similar Species in 2015 with 2011 with Similarity of 0. 79.

The objective of this paper was determining population and species diversity of water birds and WADERS in Gandoman wetland during one year from mid-September 2017 to mid-September 2018 using SDR-IV software. Result showed from 70 identified birds, 28 species were waterfowl and 42 species were WADERS. The largest population was belong to Fulica atra. Anatidae with 33. 19 percent frequency was the largest family and Burhinidae with 0. 003 percent was the smallest family. Winter had largest bird counting (14413 birds) and summer had the lowest bird counting (4039). Results obtained using biodiversity index showed that spring had the biggest diversity in terms of Shanon-Winer (2. 97), Simpson (10. 71) and Margalf (6. 69) diversity and biggest evenness (0. 92) in terms of Smith & Wilson. The largest species richness was found in spring (60 species) and the lowest one was found in summer (40 species). The largest bird frequency (bird number) was belong to waterfowl (81. 57 %) and the lowest frequency was belong to WADERS (18. 43). In contrast, the largest number of species (60 percent) was belong to WADERS and the lowest one was belong to waterfowl (40 percent). The results showed that Gandoman wetland had the highest numerical values of richness and evenness of water birds and WADERS in spring, and this indicated the quality and desirability of the wetland in spring compared to other seasons.

Food interaction of WADERS and aquatic organisms including species composition, food structure and preference as well as benthic macrofauna composition, substrate structure, TOM, biotic indices and interaction of macrofauna food constituents and WADERS were investigated in Khur-e-Musa from Dec. 1999 to Aug. 2000 (8 months). In this study 99 birds belonging to 5 families, 10 genera and 14 species were hunted from Dawragh and Zangee creeks. The highest abundance of WADERS belonged to dunlin, ringed plover and red shank. Analysis of gut contents revealed that the highest abundance of food item belonged to Eurycarcinus sp. gastropods, beetles and diptera. Birds composition revealed that the highest number in Dawragh and Zangee creeks belonged to dunlin, ringed plover, red shank (categorized as winter wading species) and little ringed plover (categorized as spring species index in breeding season). The highest abundance of macrofauna belonged to Eurycarcinus sp., gastropods, amphipods, polychaetes and bivalves. The bottom of estuaries was silty. Shannon index (1<H'<3) indicated the studied area was intermediately polluted. Species richness for birds and macrofauna in Zangee creek was higher than Dawragh creek. There was a positive correlation between bird's diversity and food items and this correlation in.Zangee creek was more than Dawragh creek.

Bamdezh wetland with an area of 4000 hectares is located in 48o35’ 34” E and 31o44’ 40” N northwest of Ahwaz city, Khouzestan province and south west of Iran. This paper presents species diversity of wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna population in Bamdezh wetland for an eleven-year (2001-2011)monitoring duration. In order to study the overwintering diversity of birds, data from the censuses mid-winter bird counted according to the method of total count of Khuzestan department of environmental protection have been collected and analyzed. Data analysing for determine species diversity carried out by using Ecological Methodology and SPSS software. During an 11-yearperiod from 2001 to 2011, 345930 wetland birds composed of 69 species from 6 orders and 14 families of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed during this study. The most common species was the Eurasian Teal (Anascrecca) with a total number of 161252. The results indicated thatamong families of wintering waterfowl and WADERS, the largest family was Anatidae with 90.57percent abundance and the lowest was Sternidaewith 0.01 percent. In the period of study, year of 2007 with 150937 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2010 with 676 individuals has the lowest. The highest species richness recorded in years of 2007 with 46 species in this year. The results showed that in this periodwaterfowlfauna with 90.85 percent and wader's fauna with 9.15 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results ofspecies diversity, the year of 2010 has the highest biodiversity of wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Bamdezhwetland and year of 2007 has the lowest biodiversity (P<0.05).

This research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader’s fauna species diversity in Boushehr site (wetland habitats of Boushehr beaches). The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 113606 wintering birds composed of 78 species from15 families and 6 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed in the Boushehr site. The most common species counted was the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) with a total of 57087 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and WADERS in Boushehr site the largest family was Laridae with 59.96 percent abundance and the lowest was Pelecanidae with 0.02 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2007 with 28043 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 1112 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2011 and 2008 with 56 and 23 species respectively. The results showed that in this period wader’s fauna with 88.30 percent and waterfowl fauna with 11.70 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2011 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader’s fauna in Boushehr site and year of 2006 has the lowest biodiversity (P<0.05).

This study was done for determination of biodiversity of wintering waterfowl and WADERS fauna in Khor-e-Khargi. In this study biodiversity of wintering waterfowl and WADERS of Khor-e-Khargi has been studied during 2007 - 2010. Khor-e-Khargi is located in Hormozgan province. Its geographical positions are 56° 43´ E and 27° 7´ N. Data for calculating the estimates of biodiversity come from department of the Hormozgan environment. In this study, during 2007-2010, 40 species from 3 orders and 13 families of the birds of Iran were recognized at this area.During 2007-2010, a total of 6083 wintering waterbirds counted in this wetland and Limosa lapponica with 1789 individuals has the highest abundance. Among families of waterfowl and WADERS recognized in Khor-e-Khargi the largest family was Scolopacidae with 54.09 percent abundance and the lowest number belong to the Ciconiidae with 0.02 percent abundance. The result showed that during 2007 to 2010 WADERS with 84.6 percent and waterfowl with 26.4 percent has the highest and lowest abundance respectively.Application of biodiversity index among the years of studying showed that the year of 2008 with Margalef species richness, Rmg=4.72, Shanon-winer species diversity, H'=2.16 and Pielo species evenness, J'=0.7 has the highest biodiversity (P<0.05).

Climate change and human activities have increased negative pressure on natural ecosystems. Wetlands are such ecosystems that widely affected by these negative changes. Birds as a part of wildlife in a wetland have damaged by destruction of wetlands, so, a large group of them, are at risk of extinction. Habitat destruction in wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas has more negative effects on these birds because of water limitation in these regions. Hamun wetland on the boundary of Iran and Afghanistan is one of the vulnerable ecosystems that are faced by the effects of drought and human activities. Since this wetland has international importance for breeding and resting of migrant water birds, determination of habitat requirements and spatial distribution of water birds in this wetland are essential. In this study, by field studies and Maximum Entropy model, suitable habitats of water birds and WADERS were determined in 2015. Based on these results, southern parts of Hamun_e_ Saberi and some parts of Hamun_e_ Himand and Pouzak were determined as suitable habitat for water birds. Results of this paper are useful for conservation activities in this wetland.

Wetland ecosystems are dynamic and productive habitats, which support high biodiversity. Identifying of birds habitat and their needs, especially those are in vulnerable situation is more importance for protection, management programs and continuous monitoring. This study done in Shirinsoo lagoon with an area of 15 hectares and average elevation of 1873 meters a.s.l. Identifying, counting and recording of composition of aquatic migratory birds’ populations in the study area done by randome sampling one week per month during year of 2011- 2012. Variation in number of species was the core part of sampling process. SDR-IV, BioDiversityPro and CAP 4.0 softwares used for data analysis. The species diversity calculated using Simpson, Shannon-wiener and Brillouin and evenness calculated using Simpson, Smith and Wilson and Camargo indexes. Diagram sort of Renyi biodiversity method showed most variety accurse in autumn. In addition, SHE analysis indicated that affect factors on the species diversity numerical index were richness and diversity components. According to the results, totalbirds of the shirinsoo lagoon are 2725 bird individuals from 54 bird species. According to the results, the largest population of migratory species observed in the November and the lowest one recorded in the February. This study indicated that largest population is Chlidoniasleucoptera with a number of 295 and the lowest one is Grus grus and Gallinulachloropus with observed population of only one individual during the whole year.