UTERINE LEIOMYOMA is the most common benign tumor of genital tract. The etiology of myomas is unknown. LEIOMYOMA shows a broad spectrum of radiographic appearances depending on the number, size, and location of the tumor. The diagnostic method for UTERINE LEIOMYOMAs is based primarily on the clinical situation. Despite of the varied diagnostic options such as; transvaginal sonography, sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and MRI; hysterosalpingography is still one of the valuable imaging methods for identification of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA.The various features of the proved LEIOMYOMA are illustrated in this pictorial review. The incidence, risk factors and clinical features will also be discussed briefly

Presacral tumors are a rare group of tumors located posterior to the rectum in the retrorectal or presacral space. Due to the lack of specific symptoms and difficult anatomic localization, they present a diagnostic and management challenge for the surgeons. We present a case of retrorectal schwannoma in a young female who was initially misdiagnosed as a UTERINE fibroid on ultrasound and taken up for myomectomy. The tumor was later successfully excised by a combined abdominosacral approach. The clinical features and management of presacral tumors are discussed in this article.

LEIOMYOMA is the most common benign UTERINE tumor. Degeneration of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA is rare and usually occurs during midpregnancy and the puerferium. Rupture of uterus is very rare which accurs during degeneration or rupture of superficial dilated vessles.Although ultrasonography may assist in recognizing the characteristics of the pelvic mass, laparatomy is required for diagnosis. From 1966 to now five cases of perforating myoma were reported by internet. We present a rare case of spontaneous perforation of degenerative LEIOMYOMA in a norpregnant woman.

Background: Although LEIOMYOMAs are the most common gynecologic disorders, non-puerperal UTERINE inversion due to LEIOMYOMA is considered as a rare clinical problem. This condition can occur as a complication of a large sub-mucous LEIOMYOMA that leads to dilate cervix and protrude into vagina. The patient may have several symptoms such as heavy vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain and intermittent acute urinary retention.Case: We presented a 32-year-old nulliparous woman with 17 years of unexplained infertility and diagnosis of a large vaginal prolapsed non-pedunculated LEIOMYOMA.Conclusion: Haultain’s procedure was used to reposition UTERINE inversion and remove LEIOMYOMA through a posterior incision, using laparotomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: UTERINE LEIOMYOMA is the most common benign pelvic tumors with an unknown etiology. There are contradictory results about risk factors of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA which affiliated to genetic or hormonal theories, in different studies. The objective of this study is assessment of risk factors of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA in patients who referred for pelvic sonography in comparision to control group. METHODS: A case-control study was performed on 990 patients referring to Rasht Alzahra hospital in 2007 who undergoing sonography evaluation for abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain and for other reasons unrelated to abnormal bleeding. Patients were similar as parity and age. Patients based on sonography and UTERINE fibroma observation was divided into case and control groups. Considerable variables were demographic data, familial history LEIOMYOMA, reproductive history and menstrual characteristics, body mass index, methods for contraception. Data were gathered by forms and face interview and then compared and assessed.FINDINGS: Of 990 patients, 482 subjects were cases and 508 subjects were controls. Premature menarche was reported in 69 cases (14.4%) and 48 control (9.4%), respectively. There were positive relationship between age of menarche 8-10 years old and increased risk of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA (OR=66%, 95% CI: 0.13-1.82), familial history of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA (OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.79-3.90), body mass index greater than 25 (OR=6.05, 95% CI: 4.18-8.75, menstrual characteristics and risk of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA. There was an inverse relationship between use of oral contraceptive pills for pregnancy prevention and risk of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA that was a protective effect. (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.23-0.72).CONCLUSION: These results showed that UTERINE LEIOMYOMA has a correlation with age of menarche, obesity, familial history of fibroma and inverse relationship with use of OCP. Prevention of overweight, use of oral contraceptive pills especially in high risk patients can be considered as the ways for prevention of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA.

Background: UTERINE LEIOMYOMAs (myomas) are the most frequent benign UTERINE tumors, several studies have suggested that each LEIOMYOMA arises from a single neoplastic cell within the smooth muscle of myometrium and in 4 percent of pregnant women, sonographically detectable myomas are present.Methods and materials: A cohort study done in years of 1385-86 to compare obstetric outcomes between normal pregnant and pregnant women with myomas, 87 pregnant with myoma and 375 normal pregnant selected for pre, intra and post partum complications.Results: Myoma in pregnancy is a risk factor for first trimester bleeding, spontaneous first trimester abortion, placenta previa, noncephalic presentation, post partum hemorrhage and cesarean delivery but frequency of preterm labor, premature rupture of membrane, placental abruption and intra UTERINE growth restriction were not different between group with myoma and control group. Furthermore the rate of post partum hemorrhage in group with myoma larger than 5cm in diameter was greater than in group with myoma 5cm or smaller in diameter (P=0.02). After multiple logistic regression analysis, advanced maternal age, nulliparity were independently associated with presence of myoma in pregnancy.Conclusion: Presence of myoma documented by gestational sonography is associated with high risk pregnancies which necessitate patient education and labor staff preparation for intra and post partum probable complications controlling.

Background: UTERINE LEIOMYOMA, also called fibroid, is a benign tumor that arises due to monoclonal transformation of myometrium, the smooth muscle cell layer of the uterus. Fibroids cause several complications including infertility, miscarriage, bleeding, pain, and dysmenorrhea. Recent studies have revealed the role of mutations in MED12 gene exon 2 in various populations; however, the reported frequency of these mutations differs between reports. In addition, it is suggested that mutations in exon 1 may also play a role in LEIOMYOMA. The aim of the present study was to screen for MED12 exon 1 mutations in LEIOMYOMA tissue samples of Iranian patients. . Methods: We performed mutational analysis of exon 1 and the flanking intronic regions using multitemperature single-strand conformational polymorphism (MSSCP) and sequencing analyses in 120 UTERINE LEIOMYOMA samples. Results: No mutations were detected in exon 1 of MED12 in our samples. Conclusions: According to the literature and the present results, mutations in the MED12 exon 1 are rare. However, we could not ignore the role of these mutations in developing LEIOMYOMA.

Background and Objective: For nearly a century, it has been suspected that reproductive tract infections play an etiologic role in UTERINE LEIOMYOMA. However, no epidemiologic study of LEIOMYOMA has used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare UTERINE tissues from cases and non-cases, and to investigate associations between UTERINE LEIOMYOMA and infections detected by PCR. Methods: In this case-control study, 92 LEIOMYOMA tissues from cases, and 94 myometrial tissue from controls were screened by PCR for cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus-1, 2, and human papillomavirus typed as 16/18 or another strain. Multivariable analysis used age-adjusted logistic regression, and generalized linear regression as appropriate. Results: In the UTERINE tissues of cases and unmatched controls, the prevalence of infection was: cytomegalovirus (32. 6%, 7. 4%), C. trachomatis (23. 9%, 37. 2%), herpes simplex virus-1, 2 (25. 0%, 13. 8%), human papillomavirus 16/18 (13. 0%, 10. 5%). LEIOMYOMA was associated with cytomegalovirus (Odds Ratio (O. R. ) 6. 10; 95% confidence interval (C. I. ), 2. 40, 15. 55) and Chlamydia (O. R. 0. 47; 95% C. I. 0. 23, 0. 97). Likewise, the log count of LEIOMYOMA was higher with cytomegalovirus (+0. 65, 95% C. I. +0. 34, +0. 95) and lower with Chlamydia (-0. 71, 95% C. I.-1. 12,-0. 29). Conclusion: This first application of PCR to LEIOMYOMAta and control UTERINE tissues from non-cases reveals that cytomegalovirus is associated with the presence, number, and volume of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA, while C. trachomatis is inversely associated with LEIOMYOMA, but only in the absence of cytomegalovirus. Current findings provide preliminary evidence that common reproductive tract infections contribute to the growth and control of at least some cases of UTERINE LEIOMYOMA.