Our analysis of Popper’s philosophy of science focuses on his concepts of tradition and situational analysis. These concepts represent innovative Popperian contributions to a historical and hermeneutical TURN in philosophy of science that most of his critics, especially Kuhn, fail to recognize. According to his historical view, Popper conceives sciences as a complex of traditions in continuous transformation and progress by means of rational discussion of theories. In order to grasp the rational progress of scientific traditions, Popper proposes an original method that he calls “situational analysis”. This hermeneutical method seeks to understand the concepts, hypotheses, actions, practices, controversies and products that scientists made to solve problems in their specific historical contexts to improve the truth content of theories. In addition to his historical and hermeneutical TURN, Popper also inquired about the social and political conditions for the progress of scientific traditions by means of intersubjective criticism of theories and conjectures. According to him, the rational discussion of ideas requires, as necessary conditions, plurality of ideas, intellectual humility, and freedom of thought and communication that can only exist in an open and democratic society. With these considerations, we may say that in addition to a historical and hermeneutical TURN, Popper also contributed to a social and political TURN in the philosophy of science

TURN to TURN fault is one of the major internal failures in the power transformers that if it is not quickly detected, can be extended and led to a complete transformer breakdown. So, the diagnosis and location of the TURN to TURN fault of the power transformer, as one of the most important equipment in the power system, is the main objective of this paper. For this purpose, a detailed model of a three-phase transformer is presented by the finite element method (FEM) to investigate this fault in the different situations. Accordingly, the number of short-circuit TURNs as well as fault location, cause to generate the high forces between the short-circuit TURNs and the other healthy winding TURNs. Consequently, in this paper an appropriate method based on force analysis of winding TURNs for detecting, locating and determining fault severity is introduced.

Various schemes are presented for on-line detection of TURN faults in induction motor, but none of them deal with the magnitude of the fault ,or in other words, the number of short TURNs.this paper presents a novel scheme, for TURN fault detection, based on parameter identification of a model in which the TURN fault is considered. parameter identification is done by a genetic algorithm. by using this technique, in addition to fault detection, the exact magnitude of the fault is also determined. The scheme requires neither prior data collection nor TURNing for each specific motor, and at the same time is valid for motors with inverter supplies. Insensitivity of the technique to load variation, supply voltage variation and unbalanced supply voltage is shown by many experimental tests. necessary modification and validation of the model used for TURN fault real number coded genetic algorithm, and schemes for its convergence speed up are other subjects discussed in this paper.

This is a review of a prize-winning novel, entitled in Persian چراغها را من خاموش می کنم  by Zoyā Pīrzād. It is the writer's fourth published work and her first novel. The reviewer, Ms. Ojākīlyāns, starts by giving us a detailed synopsis of the story, which is outwardly very uneventful. The whole novel is centred on the everyday life of a middle-class Armenian family, the Āyvāzīyāns, in the southern oil city of Abadan, in the 1960s. The story starts with the arrival of another Armenian family, the Sīmonīyāns, in the neighbourhood, and ends with their rather sudden departure a year or so later. In between, the two families find common ground to mix and to react to one another. The main character is Kelārīs Āyvāzīyān, a 38-year old housewife and mother, whose sole occupation is keeping house and seeing to the day-to-day needs of an indifferent husband, Ārtūš, (a senior oil company employee), and her three growing children, a boy of 15, and a pair of girl twins, aged 11. She is, the one who TURNs off the lights at night after every one has gone to bed. Her routine is undermined when their new neighbour, Emlī Sīmonīyān, a young divorcé, pays a little too much attention to her and awakens tender feelings in her. And as a result she begins to question the validity of her role as a house-maker, which does not leave her time for the pursuit of her own personal interests.Ms. Ojākīlyāns looks at the novel from every angle and finds it on the whole "fascinating and especially successful in portraying the inner maze of a woman's mind".

A b-TURN is a secondary protein structure which consists of four amino acids length. It has a significant role in the formation of protein 3D structure and its formation is a major step in the protein folding process. Therefore proposing a precise procedure that recognizes and predicts the position of b-TURNs in the protein backbone from sequence would be quite useful in our ultimate goal of predicting the 3D structure. In this paper a novel procedure has been proposed to recognize the position and type of b-TURNs in a protein. The procedure uses the self-organizing artificial neural networks maps. It is compared to other existing procedures in order to prove its efficiency, which is shown to be superior.

Diagnostics of synchronous generator TURN-to-TURN faults can be accomplished by analyzing the anomalies of machine local variable such as magnetic flux linkage. On the other hand, because current transformers and voltage transformers are usually installed in the machine for different purposes as default, the monitoring schemes that depend on the study of these inputs have become a topic of interest. As a consequence, in the last two decades, a variety of methods have been proposed based only on the global external variable (such as stator current and voltage). It must be noted that the global external variable analysis techniques are not capable of detecting all of the potential faults in electrical machines and some researches, including this work, aim to transfer a part of the global external variables analysis knowledge to techniques that monitor the signatures produced by the fault to the electromagnetic flux signals (local variable). Hence, this contribution deals with the analysis of the stator TURN-to-TURN short circuit fault of salient-pole synchronous generator. In this paper, a fault indicator based on harmonic analysis of the magnetic flux linkage is investigated. Experimental results derived from a 4-pole, 380V, 1500 rpm, 50 Hz, 50 KVA, 3-phase salient-pole synchronous generator, show that the proposed method is useful and effective.

Nowdays, democracy is become an universal value so that all intellectual tendencies should put it into their concerns. Whether it accepts or not? The central value is caused a change in many political theories to democracy. It seems that one of most important these endeavors is concerned to practitioners of political philosophy that have attempted to revise negative attitudes of it. This article tries to examine the TURN and challenge it.

Rorty, who influenced Habermas by his linguistic TURN, believes that the debate between realism and antirealism belongs to the tradition which we have already departed from. In fact, in his view, the linguistic TURN principally make this distinction difficult. In contrast, Habermas believes that the decision between the realistic and nominalistic positions is a fundamental choice, which plays a crucial role in epistemology, ontology, and the corresponding concepts of truth and reference. The main concern of Habermas as the heir of the realist and the idealist traditions, is to show the simultaneous presence of idealistic and naturalistic elements of knowledge in explaining cognition. For this purpose he refers to a pragmatic account of knowledge. Habermas replaces what has been achieved pragmatically, as the internal realism, with the transcendental idealism. Internal realism, for Habermas, has two essential duties; on the one hand, to stand against relativism as a new form of skepticism, and on the other hand, to oppose the metaphysical realism in its dogmatistic form. The difficulty of Habermas's task, in explaining his realistic view, is to reconcile two priorities; the ontological priority of the objective world, with the epistemological priority of linguistic life-world. This article describes and criticizes the way Habermas develops this view.

Traffic operations in the congestion parts of road networks are very complicated and a comprehensive analysis of interactions between vehicles is essential for understanding the bottleneck event and providing solutions for addressing the issues. This involves the development of traffic theories to explain driver behavior on the microscopic state, that one of its main elements is lane changing behavior. In this research, the effects of vehicles lane changing before the right TURN for exiting from the intersection and after the right TURN for merging into the next urban corridors, in different percentages of the right TURN traffic volume in the three well-known intersections namely "Felezi-Mellat", Simin, and Sadoogh " intersections in Isfahan city, one of the most congested city in central part of Iran, using Aimsun software were studied and evaluated. The data collection method was done using videotaping technic and peak hour of the intersections was recorded. Then the geometric and traffic characteristics of the intersections were extracted using field observations data extraction from the recorded films. For the aim of the research, two main parameters of the Aimsun lane-changing model, including distance zone 1 and distance zone 2, were estimated with proposed values. In the end, using Synchro software, signalized intersections timing were optimized under different scenarios. Having used the proposed timing schemes, the intersections were modeled in Aimsun software in order to evaluate the traffic measure of effectiveness under defined scenarios. The results showed that using the proposed values instead of the default values of Aimsun lane-changing model changed the value of travel time in the aforementioned intersections of the Felezi-Mellat, Simin and Sadoogh by (1) to (-9), (0) to (-15), and (0) to (-5) percent, respectively.