Performance of a pilot Biofiltration system in removing of TRIETHYLAMINE (TEA) vapor from air stream was evaluated in this study. Experiments were conducted with two 6-L three section biofilters containing a mixture of compost (60%) and wood chips (40%). The systems were operated at 20±2 and 30±1° C. Municipal activated sludge was added initially to promote microbial growth and the systems were started after initial adaptation period of 40 days. Various loading rates (8-130 g/m3 hr) and detention times (40- 60 seconds) were studied to evaluate the effect on performance of biofilter for TEA removal.Results indicated significant decrease in EC for HRT < 48 s but negligible differences were observed between 60 and 48 s. TEA removal in section one was significant higher than the other two. Maximum E.C. of 61 g/m3 hr at HRT of 48 second, humidity of 50-55 %, and loading rate of 90.6 g/m3. hr was observed for the reactor A. Maximum E.C. of  72 g/m3 hrat HRT of 48 s, humidity of 50-55%, and loading rate of 114.4 g/m3. hr was observed for the reactor B having a higher temperature.

Sampling of TRIETHYLAMINE in the cold-box unit in an auto-manufacturing company in Iran has indicated the average concentration of 430 mg/m3 in the emission duct. In this study a biotrickling filter was used for treatment of TRIETHYLAMINE in air stream. TRIETHYLAMINE removal efficiency (K/L) pattern was evaluated by changing volumetric loading (L), superficial gas velocity (Uo), empty bed gas retention time (EBRT) and recirculation liquid flow rate (VL), while operating at constant temperature of 25±1oC. For finding the effect of EBRT on the TRIETHYLAMINE removal efficiency, tests were performed at EBRT of 156s, 52s and 31 s and a constant liquid recirculation velocity of 3.466 m3/m2/h. Results showded that for a test period of 65 days, TRIETHYLAMINE removal efficiencies of more than 98% were obtained for EBRT of 156 s and loading rates of less than 48 g/m3/h. With an EBRT of 52s removal efficiencies of>90% were obtained for loadings of<57 g/m3/h and maximum removal capacity was 53.4 g/m3/h at volumetric loading of 64 g/m3/h. Also with an EBRT of 31 s the maximum removal capacity was 53.6 g/m3/h at volumetric loading of 68 g/m3/h. Thus in the range of implemented EBRTs the proper absorption of TRIETHYLAMINE from gas to liquid phase took place and the elimination efficiency was shown to be dependent on microorganisms activity rate. The effect of liquid flow rate on the TRIETHYLAMINE removal efficiency was investigated by changing VL in the range of 3.46 to 10.40 m3/m2/h at EBRT=31 s and influent TRIETHYLAMINE concentration of 600 mg/m3. Results showed that the TRIETHYLAMINE removal efficiency was nearly independent of the liquid recirculation rate.

Nitrogen compounds such as TRIETHYLAMINE are odorants generally found in chemical plants and foundries in which cold-box cores are made. In this study, the efficiency of biofiltration of TRIETHYLAMINE (TEA) vapor was evaluated. Experiments were conducted in two 6-L biofilters arranged in three stages and packed with inoculated compost - wood chips (40:60v/v) as the filter medium. The seed inoculum was obtained from municipal activated sludge. Tests were made to compare effects of initial temperature (30±1°C, biofilter A) and (23±2 °C, biofilter B) on the performance of the biofilter. TEA elimination rate pattern was evaluated by changing loading rates (6-138 gm-3h-1 and hydraulic retention times (40-60 s) while operating at constant temperature and humidity at 50-55%. Results showed that organic loading rates (OLR) of up to 114.4 gm-3h-1 (biofilter A) and 90.56 gm-3h-1 (biofilter B) could be handled without any apparent indication of maximum elimination capacity and substrate inhibition. The elimination capacity of biofilters could reach up to 72 gm-3h-1 (biofilter A) and 61.5 gm-3h-1(biofilter B). When the loading of TEA exceeded the critical values, substrate inhibition occurred and the elimination capacity decreased. However, the requirement of keeping the pressure drop below 4 cm water gauge per meter of bed height to avoid operational problems warranted lower than maximum capacity operation. The optimal OLR values of 90±14 gm-3h-1 are suggested for hydraulic retention time value of 48 s and temperature of 30±1°C. Under these conditions, elimination capacity of 71±3 gm-3h-1and removal efficiency of 81±14% was achie

Background: Treatment of waste air containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using cheap and environmentally friendly methods is one of active fields in air pollution control.Objective: The aim of this study was to treat air containing TRIETHYLAMINE (TEA) vapor using biotrickling filter inoculated with microbial species decomposing TEA. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the School of Health affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Biotreatment was performed with biotrickling filter inoculated with microbial species decomposing TEA for two months. The biotrickling filter was set up with air containing TEA as the sole source of carbon, at Empty Bed Residence Times (EBRT) of 36 sec, and inlet concentration of 84 ppm. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Findings: Treatment of TEA contaminated air was made after an adaptation period of 11 days. Despite an increase in mass loading to 111 g/m3/h, TEA was eliminated with 109 g/m3/h capacity and 94-100% removal efficiency by zero order kinetics. Elimination capacity and removal efficiency were close to each other and confirmed109 g/m3/h as loading region with critical elimination capacity.Conclusion: With regards to the results, it is possible to treat air containing TEA vapor in biotrickling filter.

The synthesis of an epoxy vinyl ester resin was carried out using a bisphenol-A based epoxy resin and methacrylic acid in the presence of TRIETHYLAMINE as a catalyst. The reaction was performed in the temperature range of 90-120ºC and epoxy to carboxyl group ratio of 1. In all conditions a conversion of more than 95% was achieved. The reaction time (for conversions more than 95%) was different from 1.5 h at 120ºC to more than 8 h at 90ºC. The results indicated that reaction followed a first-order kinetics. The order of reaction with respect to methacrylic acid was also investigated by using excess method. It was found that in the reaction conditions, the reaction rate was independent of carboxyl group concentration. The specific rate constant, calculated by the regression analysis, was found to obey Arrhenius expression. The activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 82.61 kJ/mol and 5.43×109 min-1, respectively. FTIR Analysis of vinyl ester resin revealed that addition esterification reaction between carboxyl and epoxy groups took place and no side reactions (i.e., etherification reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups) occurred during the synthesis.

In this study, a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter (BTF) is used to remove TRIETHYLAMINE (TEA) from gaseous wastes. The BTF is made of stainless steel with a height of 210 cm and an internal diameter of 21 cm packed with lava rocks. TEA elimination pattern was evaluated by changing empty bed residence times (EBRTs). The maximum elimination capacity (EC) has been determined to be 87 g/m3/h. At all EBRTs 52, 31, 20, and 10 s, contaminant transferring from gas phase to liquid was more than the EC. Also, the removal efficiency was 100% for a mass loading of 100 g/m3/h. While the liquid recirculation velocity of 3.466 m3/m2/h was maintained, the flow rate was adjusted to 60, 100, 156, and 312 L/min. The results show that due to the high solubility of TEA in water for all the EBRTs, TEA can be solved in the circulated liquid and then be degraded gradually by microorganisms. Therefore, the least EBRT of 10 s is more appropriate.

The control of silicone rubber’s viscoelastic properties namely loss factor, storage and loss moduli during crosslinking are crucial as its malleable behaviour changes differently under different conditions and affecting the final product. Hence, it becomes the objective of this study to investigate the rheological behaviour of silicone rubber cured under different formulation ratios with platinum catalysts and TRIETHYLAMINE, methanol & ethanolamine solvent. Measurement was conducted for the silicone rubber to crosslinker ratios of 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5 and 10:1 at different elevated temperatures, and for the silicone rubber with TRIETHYLAMINE, methanol and ethanolamine at different angular frequencies. While the crossover of storage and modulus curve which signifies a gel point was not observed at higher ratios of platinum used across the temperature range of 25 – 100°C, it was found at 89°C and 95°C with the formulation ratios of 10:1 and 7.5:2.5, respectively. On the other hand, the crossover point was observed for silicone rubber at 100 s-1 for TRIETHYLAMINE, 3 s-1 and 100 s-1 for methanol, and 70 s-1 alongside 290 s-1 for ethanolamine. The presence of gel point indicates that crosslinking of silicone rubber successfully took place and this study proves that controlling the crosslinking behaviour was possible.

Formation of Ag nanoplates in the presence of glycerol/TRIETHYLAMINE/polyvinylpyrrolidone without using any external reducing agent is shown for the first time. This approach is a unique and size-controlled synthetic method for the preparation of Ag nanoplates. Results reveal that addition of TRIETHYLAMINE to the precursor reaction mixture plays an important role both as a reagent for initiation and accelerator to produce nanoparticles at room temperature in the presence of glycerol. The basicity of the reaction mixture results in the appearance of two strongly localized surface plasmon resonance peaks of Ag nanoplates, effectively indicating the steady transition from non-planar structure to planar structure as confirmed by UV-Vis and transmission electron microscope measurements. The antibacterial activity of Ag and bimetallic (Ag/Au) nanoparticles were tested against gram-negative and grampositive bacteria. The enhanced antibacterial activity was observed with bimetallic nanoparticles with equal concentration of silver.