Syndactyly is a common inherited and clinically heterogeneous malformation which can be syndromic or non-syndromic. It also varies phenotypically between the families. In this study, we present twins who experienced bilateral Syndactyly and underwent reconstruction using the Gilbert method. These female twin toddlers were referred to Hazrat Fatemeh Clinic of Hand Surgery in Tehran, Iran, in 2022 with bilateral Syndactyly of the middle and ring fingers. In both, fingers were fused along their entire length. One of them underwent the separation of the middle finger and ring finger of the right hand by the Jibert method, and the other underwent surgery for the separation of her left hand at the age of one and a half. She was presented with a contracture of the middle finger and third web space, corrected with a Z-plasty of the middle finger and the V-M flap for the web space.

Tissue expanders can be used over the dorsum of hand and fingers to increase available tissue for flap coverage after release of Syndactyly. Herein, we presented an 18-year-old man who had an unusual complex Syndactyly in the middle and ring fingers of his right hand. He had also complete fusion of the proximal phalanges. In this report, we described the application of tissue expander to cover separated exposed bones.              

Mulibrey nanism is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome caused by a mutation in the TRIM37 gene with severe growth retardation and multiple organ involvement. Early diagnosis is important because 50% of the patients develop congestive heart failure owing to constrictive pericarditis, and this condition plays a critical role in the final prognosis. A 37-year-old female patient presented with symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and shortness of breath. She had severe growth failure and craniofacial dysmorphic feature. Cardiac evaluation showed constrictive pericarditis, moderate pulmonary hypertension, and mild pericardial effusion. The patient underwent pericardiectomy, but her thick and adhesive pericardium forced the surgeon to do partial pericardiotomy. Our report underlines the importance of attention to probable Mulibrey nanism when confronting patients with primary amenorrhea, growth retardation, and dysmorphic features. Early cardiac examination is of great significance in the course of the disorder, and patients must be pericardiectomized to relieve the symptoms and increase survival.

Background: Primary craniosynostosis is a form of premature fusion of the cranial sutures, which commonly occurs prenatally. The condition appears in both syndromic and nonsyndromic forms. Case report: The cause of most cases of primary craniosynostosis are unknown, with genetic syndromes explaining 10%– 20% of cases. The most prevalent syndromes associated with primary craniosynostosis are Crouzon, Apert, and Pfeiffer. Scaphocephaly is the most typical form of craniosynostosis that occurs due to premature closure of the sagittal suture. Frontal plagiocephaly is another form of this condition that is caused by the premature fusion of a sphenofrontal or coronal suture. The suture line palpation at birth usually exhibits a bony ridge. In these case, head CT or skull radiograph may be prescribed. Some genetic types of craniosynostosis are triggered by FGFR1, TWIST, FGFR2, or FGFR3 mutations. Conclusion: A rare congenital condition, Apert syndrome is associated with craniosynostosis and severe symmetrical Syndactyly of the feet and hands. In this case study, the goal has been to present a newborn with all characteristics of a classical Apert syndrome.

Fraser syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple structural abnormalities, above all of which are cryptophthalmos and Syndactyly. According to reviews of reported cases, diagnostic criteria have been established. Here, we report a case of 18 weeks pregnancy diagnosed with Fraser syndrome presenting with cryptophthalmos, Syndactyly, kidney agenesis, and hyper-echogenic lungs during an ultrasound examination. The pregnancy was terminated, and diagnostic features of the syndrome were confirmed afterward. Since the imaging characteristics are unique, it is of value that clinicians become familiar with the appearance of the syndrome to provide families with the opportunity to make timely decisions regarding pregnancy termination and use the prenatal diagnostic tools to have healthy children in subsequent pregnancies.