Tridax procumbens is a medicinal plant extensively utilized in traditional medicine because of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Extraction and phytochemical analysis of T. procumbens seeks to determine its bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Apigenin is a significant flavonoid that has been isolated to assess its therapeutic capabilities. Since this plant possesses potential anti-inflammatory properties, we aimed to isolate and develop apigenin as one of its key bioactive constituents. Ultrasonic-assisted SOXHLET extraction of T. procumbens leaves and bark with a hydroalcoholic solvent (70% ethanol, 30% water) facilitated optimum recovery of phytoconstituents, followed by physicochemical, microbiological, and phytochemical evaluations to ascertain its composition, purity, and bioactive potential. Comprehensive investigations, including organoleptic assessment, heavy metal identification, and quantitative phytochemical profiling, have validated the purity and appropriateness of the extract for pharmaceutical use. Quantitative examination of T. procumbens extract identified several bioactive phytochemicals, including carbohydrates (11.38%), alkaloids (11.89%), and flavonoids (8.49%), underscoring potential therapeutic and nutritional advantages. An optimized HPLC approach utilizing a 70:30 methanol-water mobile phase and C18 column significantly enhanced the chromatographic separation and detection of Apigenin. This work offers significant insights into the composition and possible therapeutic qualities of T. procumbens extract. Future studies are needed to evaluate the synergistic activities of apigenin with other bioactive compounds in T. procumbens aimed at maximizing its therapeutic values. Moreover, in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to test the extract's effectiveness and safety for its use in medicine. Further investigation on the molecular mechanisms explaining the anti-inflammatory activities of these plants could provide opportunities for creating new therapeutic methods.

It is commonly accepted that the sex of newborns is under the influence of parental blood pH and cations level. On the other hand survey in the field of Iranian and Islamic medicine customy indicates that with parental consumption of chicory, the sex of babies is very likely to become male. In this study, the effects of parental administration of chicory leaves (Cichorium intybus L.) extract on the blood pH and cations level and the sex of newborns of Wistar rat were investigated. Both sexes of experimental groups 1 and 2 (5 males and 12 females in each group), respectively, were injected intraperitonealy by 1 and 0.7 g/kg body weight (LD50= 2.244 g/kg) SOXHLET aqueous extract of chicory leaves for a duration of 30 days, by 72 hours intervals. Control rats (4 male and 16 females) were injected distilled water. During the injectional period, blood samples were collected from all animals and the pH of the blood and the serum concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and testosterone level (in males) were measured. At day 30, all rats were mated inter- and intra-grouply. After birth, the male and female newborns were counted and the sex ratio of each group was calculated. The results obtained from the present investigation showed that blood pH and the serum levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in all groups were unchanged while there was a significant increase (p<0.01)in Na+ and K+ level (and therefore [Na+]+[K+]/ [Ca2+]+[Mg2+]  of experimental group 1, comparing with control group. Also the sex ratio of experimental group 1 showed an increase by 10.23%, which was significant (p<0.05). No significant differences was found in serum levels of Na+, K+ and the sex ratio of experimental group 2 comparing with control group. But there was a significant difference between experimental group 1 and 2. These results indicate that chicory leave consumption probably by altering the electrolytes balance of the body internal environment may increases the sex ratio.      

Background and objectives Black cumin which is known as Nigella sativa L. is an oilseed that plays the role of complementary food regime in many countries and it is even favorite in non-productive countries. Black cumin is an annual herbaceous plant, native to south and southwest Asia, is the important sources of nutrients. It is so popular among the newest edible oils as its important role in nutrition and health of human beings and the fatty acid and fat soluble bioactive compounds also black cumin seeds contain 30 to 40 percent oil. There are several reports illustrate that black cumin oil is source of antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. Beta-cytosterol, stigmasterol and compressor are major sterol compounds in black cumin oil. In order to investigate the extract method on physicochemical and antioxidant properties and fatty acid profile of Black cumin oil, two methods of cold press and SOXHLET were used and the output were determined. In SOXHLET method, the solvents were petroleum ether, Diethyl ether and hexane and after that the oil with the most extract output as the sample for SOXHLET method in other experiments were used. Fatty acid compound of extracted black cumin oil was determined after being methylated by Material and methods chromatography device. Physicochemical properties of extracted oils like acidity, Peroxide content, iodine index and soap number were calculated. In order to measure the antioxidant properties, total phenol compounds were measured by Folin's phenol reagent method and free radical inhibition were measured by 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picyril hydrazyl (DPPH) which is a Lipophile radical and has the most absorption at wave length of 517 nm. For measuring the total phenol in Folin's phenol reagent method, standard curve of gallic acid was used and the results are expressed in equivalent grams of gallic acid in grams of dry matter the most absorption was measured at wave length of 760 nm with a UV– vis spectrophotometer. also all the analyses were done in triplicate. Results In this study, nigella seeds content of 3. 8% moisture, 33. 4% ash, 20. 4% protein and 38. 8% fat. Extracting oil by petroleum ether had the most output in extraction compared to other solvents in SOXHLET and cold press methods, but with a decrease in antioxidant properties compared to cold press sample. Total phenol compounds in cold press were 114/50 and in solvent 26/16 mg of gallic acid in kg oil and the amount of free radical inhibition in press oil was 74. 40% and in SOXHLET oil was 44/42%. Physicochemical and nutritional properties of every oilseed is affected by its fatty acid compound. This oil contains significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (18: 2n-6) and oleic acid (18: 1n-9) and in both methods, these two fatty acids were dominant. linoleic acid is a favorable nutrient in oil.