Collagen, which is widely distributed in pluricellular animals, is one of the most fundamental constituents of the extracellular matrix, and plays mechanically or physiologically important roles in their bodies. In this study, the biochemical and physical characteristics of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the mantle of Yesso scallop (YMPC), a by-product of processing, was determined. Electrophoretic patterns showed that scallop mantle collagen contained a1 and a2 chains, which was similar to the patterns of bovine tendon type V collagen. The YMPC showed different profiles in molecular, amino acids, peptide maps from those of bovine tendon collagen and lower denaturation temperature. Electron microscopic view of YMPC showed a sponge-like structure in part. These results indicated that YMPC may become a sustainable source of useful collagens for various purposes including value-added biomaterials. It may also be useful in a variety of applications as an alternative of vertebrate collagen, which has been widely used.

Rhizosphere is the living habitat for a variety of microorganisms, especially bacteria which may have beneficial, detrimental or neutral effects on plant growth. Rhizosphere beneficial bacteria are commonly called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and have been under researchers focus for many years. PGPRs can stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate is a characteristic has been frequently used for screening these bacteria. Flavobacterium has been noted as PGPR in almost all review article as well. In this research forty-four isolates of Flavobacterium were isolated from wheat rhizosphere in Iran and their ability for solobilizing inorganic phosphate in solid and broth medium was determined. Results of the phosphate solubilizing in solid medium revealed that twenty-eight isolates were capable to growth in solid medium. Phosphate solubilizing index ranging from 0.24-1.17, 0.15-1.36 and 0.12- 2.73 after 4, 6 and 8 days after inoculation. Isolate F11 was selected as a superior isolate. Thirty-four isolates were capable to solubilizing inorganic phosphate in broth medium. The average rate of P-SOLUBLIZATION was 3.54mg/ml, ranging from zero to 37.48. The result showed that F11 was superior isolate.

Introduction: CD46 is a membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement system wich is present on the membrane of all somatic cells except RBC. It is also present on the inner acrosmal membrane of human sperm. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the expression of this prote, in on the inner acrosmal membrane of sperms from normospermic and asthenospermic individuals.Method: Semen from 6 normospermic and 17 asthenospermic individuals were examined for CD46 expression. After SOLUBLIZATION of sperms in solublizing detergent, the solublized sperm membrane was separated from the rest of cell organelles by centrifugation. Solublized sperm membrane were divide to equal parts and SOS-PAGE gel was canied out in paired on the same gel for each sample. Western blot was carried out on half of the gel and then the nitrocellose papers were stained by a monocolonal Ab and HRP conjugate Ab. The other half were stained by silver stain for identification of MW. Results: After scoring the stained nitrocellose papen in each groups, no statistical significant difference was observed for C046 expression between the two groups. However, a significant Spearmen correlation was observed between CD46 expression and sperm motility (r=0.597, P=0.003). The MW of C046 was between 36 to 45 KD. with a mean of 42 KD.Discussion: This is the first report of a positive Spearmen correlation between sperm CD46 expression and sperm motility which suggest that there might be relation between CD46 expression and sperm motility.

Plant-associated rhizospheric bacteria which form biofilms have higher positive effects on plants in fluctuating environments. Thus, to study of these bacteria, 50 rhizospheric samples were taken from grass geramineae roots. After preparing the suspension, 100 microlitere was cultured on TSA medium and then pure culture of bacteria was prepared. Resulted showed that up to 90% of these isolates were able to form biofilm, so that they could be categorized in five groups as: pellicle, very adherent, moderately adherent, weakly adherent and non-adherent. 16S rDNA analysis revealed six different genus of bacteria. Bacillus are the predominant group (80%) of robust biofilm forming in the grass geramineae rhizosphere. The water deficit tolerance of isolates was assessed by rising concentration of sorbitol (1, 10, 20 and 30 %, w/v). All isolates were able to grow in-25 bar matric potential. Isolates showed good potential to producing auxins ranging from 6-65 μ g mL-1, ACC-deaminase activity (up to 2. 14 μ mol α-ketobutyrate in 36 h), Ca3(PO4)2 SOLUBLIZATION ranging from 1. 2 – 251 mg L-1 and K releasing ability 90 to 250 mg L-1. Only three bacteria were able to produce siderophore. It seems that these isolates can be suitable candidates for doing some greeanhaous or pot experiment subjected to protecting plants against water deficit stress. Moreover, they can act as plant growth promoting bacteria as well.