Tellurium compounds can be found in high concentrations in land and water near sites of waste discharge of industrial manufacturing processes and anodic sludge of copper mine. Potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) is toxic to many microorganisms at concentrations >1mg/mL. In this research, some species of facultative anaerobic bacteria (Bacillus sp.) were isolated from Sarcheshme copper mine(Kerman, Iran) which demonstrated high-level-resistance to tellurite and accumulation of metallic tellurium crystals. High-level-resistance was observed for Bacilli and cocci grown with certain organic carbon sources, implying that tellurite reduction is not essential to confer tellurite resistance. Level of adsorption was determined by inductively coupled plasma and spectrophotometer (Diethyldithiocarbamate method). The level of tellurite concentration in the bacteria cell and the formation of tellurium nanocrystals were illuminated by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The Te(0) crystals occur internally and each microorganism forms a distinctly different structure (for example Bacillus selenitreducens make tellurium nano rod). In this study it was found that microorganism can grow 3.in 1500mg/L-2000mg/L and higher tellurite concentrations. The use of microorganisms to generate Te nanomaterials may be an alternative for bench-scale syntheses. Additionally, they may also generate products with unique properties unattainable by conventional physical/chemical methods. This study is important because native bacteria from Sarcheshme (Kerman, Iran) that may show high-level-resistance to tellurite, were isolated.

Introduction: One of the concerns of today's world is environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, and in this regard, the element selenium is very important due to its low amount in the environment. Bioremoval of metals is one of the cleanest and cheapest methods of biological absorption. The purpose of this research is to isolate and evaluate selenium-resistant strains for the bioremoval of this metal from aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: By isolating selenium-resistant strains, the bioabsorption rate of the selected types was investigated in different conditions of acidity, temperature, and biomass amount at different times. In between, two isolates were resistant to the concentration of 400 mM sodium selenite, which were identified after performing biochemical and genetic tests. Results: The highest absorption rate in terms of inoculated biomass was related to Thalassospira permensis and Bacillus thuringiensis at 4% in 20 and 60 minutes, respectively. The highest amount of absorption was obtained by Bacillus at an acidity of 5 during 40 minutes and by Thalassospira at an acidity of 7 and a time of 60 minutes. The optimal temperature for the two strains was 25 °C and it was found that Thalassospira permensis had the best effect in 20 minutes and Bacillus thuringiensis had the best effect in 40 minutes. In addition, Thalassospira permensis was the best choice for selenium bioabsorption by absorbing 95.1% of total selenium with 4% of the biological mass in a period of 20 minutes, at acidity equal to 6 and 25 °C. Discussion and Conclusion: Thalassospira permensis absorbed 95.1 mgL-1 of 100 mgL-1 of sodium selenite in the culture medium within 20 minutes by biomass 4%. Thus, it had a high bioabsorption rate and became a suitable candidate for further studies to remove selenium from the relevant wastewater.

The reuse of mineral wastes is one of the most suitable solid wastes solutions. Throughout the world, the large of the granular aggregates used in constructions exploit natural mountain resources and rivers. Using mineral waste as a part of concrete, it can be helped to create a green environment and also contribute to sustainable development. Since the copper production process in the Sarcheshmeh copper condensation factory is the source of the production of slag as waste and useless materials. These wastes can be used to produce concrete. In this paper, that is based on a laboratory study, attempted to examine the physical and chemical properties of waste materials. The effect of these materials as sand replacement was studied on the properties of Self-condensation, strength, corrosion and absorption of water self-compacting concrete. Thus, sand was replaced with the percentages of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 100 with copper slag, and the effect of this replacement on properties of self-condensation, strength, corrosion, and water absorption of self-compacting concrete studied. The results indicate that the replacement of sand with copper slag has caused an increase in slump flow and by increasing the percentage of replacement an increase in the rate of obstruction was observed. The compressive strength with the replacement of sand, with 20, 40 and 60 percent of copper slag, increased by 11. 3, 15. 5 and 12. 4% respectively. And replacing sand with copper slag will cause more concrete corrosion.

In present, more than 80 percent of the water used in the flotation process Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine is provided from recycled water of tailing dam that evaporation is considered the most important factor of losses from this important resource. In this study for evaporation reduction, two types of fatty alcohols were added to five different water samples and were examined its impact on the recovery of the three mineral, copper, pyrite and molybdenum and then, the significance of the observed differences flotation tests on water samples were analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed, fatty alcohol not only have not been a negative impact on the recovery of three mineral copper, pyrite and molybdenum, but also have increased 0.1% recovery of copper and 3.5% molybdenum recovery. Moreover, have increased pyrite arrested an estimated 30%.

Research Problem: Cities and residential areas as a product of human substitution, until around the 1960s, the experience of centuries was the experience of human design, but the method of planning and designing cities and neighborhoods changed drastically in the last one hundred years, and with rapid urban growth, urban planning was given to professional planners and urban planners. Dedicated traffic planning for the traffic of cars in the urban environment intensified the riding traffic in the urban environment to the population, which makes spatial planning with urban and local quality and livability forgot and a lot of problems. Improving the sense of community and collective interactions is one of the widespread demands in contemporary residential environments. This is rooted in the lack of attention to people and their needs in the planning and design of the residential area, which has been approved by international and Iranian theorists. This research aims to propose a framework for improving social sense by using the theory of mental schemas (the field of cognitive psychology) and matching it with Alexander's pattern language theory (the field of environmental planning and design).Research Question: The questions raised in the research include the following:What is the relationship between residents' mental schemas about collective interactions and the sense of neighborhood with the pattern language?How can the pattern language in residential areas promote collective interactions and a sense of neighborhood?Research Method: In this process, the pattern language theory and 253 patterns proposed by Alexander have been examined in residential areas. 35 patterns were identified that are related to residential areas. Then, using the qualitative research method, the internal connections between mental schema and language concepts were identified by describing and analyzing the content of related texts. In explaining the relationships and logical integration of the data, the method of logical reasoning was carefully used in the opinions of the experts. In the following, three residential schemas were explained by examining the concept of mental schemas in cognitive psychology knowledge, including residential identity, individual-social interaction, and local attachment. These schemas are presented using Kim and Kaplan's theoryThe Most Important Results and Conclusion: By examining the concept of mental schemas in the field of cognitive psychology knowledge, three schemas related to the residential environment including residential identity, individual-social interaction, and local attachment were explained. Examining the relationship between the design patterns of residential areas with the residence-base schemas revealed a solution to strengthen the sense of community in these spaces. In order to improve the social sense of residents, residential identity schema with 11 patterns, individual interaction schema with 10 patterns, social interaction schema with 8 patterns, and local attachment schema with 6 patterns can play a role. Considering the cognitive nature of schemas, the interweaving and continuity of planning and design patterns through event-oriented plays an important role in the qualitative improvement of residential areas. The results of the research reveal the internal validity of the model language theory in connection with the theory of cognitive schemas to strengthen the interactions of residential areas. So the application of the proposed framework in the historical neighborhood of Sarcheshme neighbourhood in Zanjan reveals its external validity through mind structures, components, model language, and planning and design solutions.

Aim and Background: The importance of effective parameters on biosorption of Cu and Mn ions from Sarcheshme Copper Mine Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) was investigated using regression analysis.Materials and Methods: Bacillus Thuringiensis was isolated from Sarcheshme AMD water and sorption parameters of that AMD water were investigated.Results: Correlation between amount of biosorbent and amount of Cu removed (0.99) was greater than the correlation between amount of biosorbent and Mn removed (0.98) from wastewater. Furthermore, increasing pH increased Cu and Mn ions removal up to 19 and 9 times, respectively. It was also observed that increasing contact time raised the Cu and Mn uptake 4.83 and 1.5 times, respectively.Conclusion: Results showed that parameters like amount of biosorbent, pH, temperature and contact time have the most impact on amount of biosorption respectively and variation of effective parameters have more effects on Cu removal from wastewater.

A parametric study has been performed on the leaching behavior of Iranian (Sarcheshme, Kerman, Iran) chalcopyrite concentrates in Ferric Chloride solution as leaching agent. Effects of leach solution concentration, leaching agent molar ratio, temperature, time, grain size, and air blowing have been studied. Stirring speed has been kept constant at 150 rpm. Maximum extraction of 95% for copper has been obtained under the optimum conditions of 2 hours leaching at 95°C with reagent (Ferric Chlorid) molar ratio of 2.35 and 614 g/l concentration. Kinetic analysis of the experimental data shows that under the conditions studied, mass transfer is the predominant mechanism in controlling the overall reaction rate.