Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was a comparative study of Command styles in the Police of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Method: The research method is comparatively case-based. For this purpose, it focused only on the studies of the last 10 years. For this reason, several researches were extracted by examining the websites of the studied countries. After studying them and eliminating irrelevant or less related items, 38 researches (articles, dissertations or research projects) were selected and became the basis of qualitative comparative study. Results: Based on research conducted by the Police in the countries surveyed, the results showed that transformational leadership styles, integrated (transformational and exchange), active leadership and role modeling, ethical leadership, participatory leadership (relationship oriented) and situational leadership with many positive organizational consequences Were in a relationship; While leadership styles of non-intervention (passive / avoidance) and authoritarianism were associated with increasing negative consequences in the organization. Results: Based on the total results, firstly, transformational leadership style and secondly, integrated leadership style (transformational leadership style and exchange with each other) had the most research support in terms of leading to positive organizational consequences.

Introduction: "Spiritual intelligence" is one of the concepts that has been proposed and developed by some psychologists in the light of their attention to the field of spirituality. Ever since managers realized the need to instill a sense of purposefulness and meaningfulness in employees, and some studies showed that strengthening this intelligence can improve the quality of job performance and help organizations achieve their goals, spiritual intelligence found its way into organizational domain, too. Given the importance and necessity of this issue for military and law enforcement organizations, the main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of spiritual intelligence on the performance of Police staff. Method: The present study is based on the descriptive method and collection of field data. The statistical population includes 350 staff of Boroujerd Police Command. A group of 182 individuals was selected as the sample, and the data collection instrument was Sohrabi and Naseri's valid questionnaire (2013). The data were entered into SPSS 20, and the analysis was performed in descriptive and inferential areas. Results: "Transcendent consciousness", "spiritual experiences" and the spiritual attributes of "forgiveness and patience" are the components of spiritual intelligence that, according to the findings of this study, have a significant relationship with the performance of Police staff. Among these components, the spiritual attributes of "forgiveness and patience" have the greatest impact on the performance of Police staff, and "spiritual experiences" and "transcendent consciousness" are in the next ranks, respectively. Discussion: Considering the research findings, it can be accepted that spiritual intelligence is effective in improving the performance of the Police, and the higher the level of spiritual intelligence in Police staff, the better their service provision.

Background and Aim: Sustained security is possible through the cooperation of the people with the Police, and in this cooperation, the manner of communication, performance and appropriate and effective behavior of the Police with the citizens, plays a key role; Therefore, scientific identification and presentation of a practical model of transformation strategies in the relationship and behavior of Police officers and Police stations as the main purpose of this study, can help the Police in this regard. Method: This research utilized a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In order to confirm the enumerated components and assess the validity and reliability of the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled and the collected data were used for confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population includes experts, Commanders and heads of prevention Police and Police stations of the Special Police Command in the west of Tehran province. In the first stage, 35 people and in the validity determination stage, 70 experts and specialists were selected as a sample as a purposeful method. Content validity was used to ensure the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was used to assess the reliability of the scales used. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the amount of factor load of all factors affecting the behavioral change of employees including belief factors, management and role of Commanders, psychological factors, training, organizational structure and job, supervision and control and extra-organizational factors greater than 0. 40 and It is desirable. Conclusion: In general, based on the findings and results of the study, three categories of factors (believing, motivating and inhibiting) affect the behavioral evolution of Police officers that the correct, effective and synergistic interaction of these factors, stabilizes and strengthens constructive, acceptable and standard behaviors. And the elimination of problematic and problematic behaviors in the organization becomes NAJA.

Promoting human force productivity and optimized utilization of human force is among the vital programs of all organizations. The present descriptive correlative research aims at looking into the factors, which are effective in empowerment of personnel and its relationship with human force productivity from viewpoint of female and male personnel of Lorestan Province Police Command (LPPC).The present conducted research analyze straining, motivating, cultural and cooperative factors with human force empowerment on one hand and empowerment relationship with human force productivity on the other. Data was gathered from 206 samples of male and 26 female personnel working for Lorestan province Police Command randomly selected by simple random categorical sampling. Two questionnaires have been used to collect information - "Examining the relationship between personnel empowerment and their productivity" (a=0.81), and "Measuring productivity"(a=0.93). Data was analyzed through using descriptive statistics (diagrams, percentage, mean, SD); and analytical statistical tests (correlation coefficient and multivariable regression). The findings indicate that some factors such as training, culture and cooperation playa significant role in productivity of LPPC. 

Background and aim: The virtual space, as a product of information technology, has led to the migration of a significant portion of crimes from the physical realm to the virtual realm. The scope and impact of virtual crimes are much broader and deeper than physical crimes. Therefore, the Command Headquarters of Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a technology-oriented organization, needs to move towards becoming an intelligent organization, specifically smart Police, and achieving this goal without a suitable model and strategy is challenging. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to design the Smart Police model in the Command Headquarters of Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Method: This study is applied research and qualitatively based in terms of methodology. The research population consists of experts in the field of information technology and management within and outside the organization. Using purposive sampling and based on theoretical saturation principle, 18 individuals were selected as the sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: By implementing the interviews and coding the participants' responses, the researchers focused on explaining the concepts and dimensions. Through content analysis of the interviews, 61 indicators and 17 sub-concepts (components) were obtained, which ultimately fell into four main dimensions ("employees," "process," "technology," and "structure").Conclusion: The realization of the Smart Police model depends on strategic planning for the four dimensions of "employees," "process," "technology," and "structure," along with the 17 components and 61 indicators. The employment and coordination of these dimensions, components, and indicators play a fundamental role in achieving the Smart Police model.

Background and Purpose: Background and Aim: Strategic management helps organizations to identify the most appropriate way to achieve their strategic goals according to their internal capabilities and environmental opportunities. One of the most important issues in the NAJA is the issue of counter-narcotics management; Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to formulate strategic priorities in the fight against drugs in the Sistan and Baluchestan Disciplinary Command. Method: In terms of purpose, research is applied-developmental and in terms of research methodology, it is mixed (qualitativequantitative) as well as analytical-survey. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes experts in the field of counter-narcotics who were purposefully selected from 18 people. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire should be distributed among 30 experts in the field of anti-narcotics and Spss and Qspm software should be used for analysis. Findings: To change from the defensive position in the current situation to the offensive situation in the desired situation, using the SWAT matrix, six so strategies were formulated and in order to prioritize the strategies, the Qspm quantitative matrix was used. Conclusion: Strategic priorities: Identifying potentially effective capabilities and capacities in the fight against narcotics, adapting anti-narcotics methods, intelligence aristocracy, strengthening and developing the interactionist approach, smartening the antinarcotics Police, protecting and selecting qualified staff and also 25 suggestions Was presented to implement the strategies.

Background and Aim: Improving the detection capacity and reducing the time from occurrence to discovery is one of the strategic priorities of the Police. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of Police management of theft investigation in the Police Command of Hamadan province. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose using two methods: qualitative (two-stage Delphi) and quantitative (descriptive-survey). The participants of the qualitative section included 15 experts of disciplinary management and managers of the intelligence Police of Hamadan province who were selected by purposive judgment via stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was calculated and confirmed by content validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and multivariate regression used. Results: The challenges of Police management of theft detection were classified into two levels: internal challenges in the two areas of preliminary stages and performing basic actions and external organizational challenges in the preliminary stages, performing basic actions and the final stage. Conclusion: Internal organizational challenges have an important role in challenging the Police management of Hamedan province in the pursuit of theft and crime detection; therefore, it is necessary that the heads and managers of the Awareness Police of Hamadan Province prioritize the reform of the internal challenges of the disciplinary management.

Background and objective: One of the widespread crimes, which severely endanger public security, and damages public security, people's mental relaxation and mental health, is home burglary. The essentiality and importance of establishing order and security requires Police personnel to, first, prevent crime and then arrest the burglars. Police success depends on various factors whose recognition can strongly affect the achieving a proper result. The present research has dealt with some factors which were more paid attention to in various researches, and in home burglary detection: cognition level about burglars' burglary scene management by detectives, recognition of jurisdiction mission’s characteristics and having access to databanks by detectives.Materials and Methods: The present research was conducted among 60 personnel of Tehran Investigation Police through in 2008.The research, in terms of objective is applied and in terms of type and method is descriptive- analytical. Self-made questionnaire was used for collecting data. (α=0.79) Findings: Knowing about burglars' techniques, managing burglary scene by detectives, recognition of jurisdiction mission’s characteristics, and having access to databank by detectives have been effective and contributed to home burglary detection.

The present research was conducted to examine factors which contribute to Yazd Province Police Command (YPPC) personnel job satisfaction in 2008. There are numerous factors which contribute to personnel job satisfaction; however the present research, due to constraints, just deals with examining the relationship between 1-motivation, 2-promotion, 3- organizational position, 4- job improvement, and 5-job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is the result of the personnel cognition. The research is of applied type, and is conducted through descriptive survey. N=1000 including all the personnel of Yazd Province Police Command. Due to lack of facilities and enough time, studying the entire numbers of the members of the community was impossible. Therefore, to facilitate the research trend, 142 persons were randomly selected from 1000 personnel of YPPC as a sample.Data was collected through library surveys, and a questionnaire with proper validity (a=0.90) and reliability was approved. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship among elicitation, improvement of organizational status, job improvement and job satisfaction.

Background and objectives: Institutionalizing courtesy and ethics at the Police force is a way to promote public participation and Police success and to create creativity and dynamism at the organization level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethics and courtesy of staff members with clients honor in Sari Police force. Methodology: In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all law enforcement personnel of Sari city and 260 of them were selected as sample. Inferential statistical method was used for data analysis. Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between ethics and courtesy with the client's honor (sig = 0. 000). Also among the studied indices, the highest correlation (0. 225 with 3% level) is between the order and planning and clients' honor. Results: According to the results of the research, it has been found that among ethics and courtesy indices; good behavior, order and planning and respectful attitude have the most influence on clients' satisfaction.