Background and Aim: Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Poxviridae family. Recently, the cases of this disease have been increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to review and update information in the field of history, epidemiology, disease transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention of monkeypox. Methods: The present study is a review article that extracts related articles by searching the domestic database (Science Information Database [SID] and Magiran) and foreign databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords of monkeypox disease, monkeypox virus, Poxviridae, monkeypox outbreak, smallpox virus. Results: This re-emerging disease is often endemic in central and western Africa. Since May 2022, an outbreak of this disease has been reported in non-endemic countries as well. According to the World Health Organization, in the recent outbreak, the disease was first observed in developed countries, especially in European countries, and often in men with sexual contact. Outbreaks in some parts of the world have raised concerns about another pandemic similar to COVID-19. Currently, monkeypox is a major threat to public health, so it requires urgent multidisciplinary collaboration between clinics and basic sciences to investigate the origin and chain of disease transmission, Rapid diagnostic techniques, vaccine evaluation, and treatment and control strategies. Conclusion: The experiences from past pandemics, especially the Covid-19 pandemic, are among the OPPORTUNITIES that can be used to deal with and control emerging and re-emerging diseases such as monkeypox.

Since Nov 18th 1991,when Republicof Azerbaijan regainedits independence,a growing trend of political and intellectual activities has appeared among the Azerbaijani"s statemen, parties, press, and intellectuals indicating a necessity for joining Azeri- speaking provinces of Iran to the newly independent state of Azarbaijan. Though this has rarely been announced formally and publically, radical nationalists in Azerbaijan have always been trying to realize this dream. This article studies this strategic matter in four different stages: 1.Statement of the matter, historical background, and its dimensions. 2.The OPPORTUNITIES and the possibility for realizing this matter. 3.Problems and difficulties. 4.Conclusion.

I am writing to highlight the essential MusQan Quality Improvement program in healthcare. This initiative systematically monitors, assesses, and enhances care for children from birth to 12 years, aiming to reduce preventable newborn and child morbidity and mortality. [1] MusQan addresses all critical aspects of a child’s development, including physical, mental, and social well-being. This holistic approach is vital, especially in India, where public health facilities are the primary healthcare providers for many. [1, 2] MusQan’s multipronged strategy focuses on improving Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs), Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSUs), Postnatal Wards, Pediatric Outpatient Departments (OPDs), and Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers. By adhering to stringent quality standards, MusQan delivers swift, tangible improvements. [3, 4] MusQan supports healthcare facilities with Rapid Improvement (RI) cycles, aided by state and district teams, allowing flexible local needs addressing. More than a program, it elevates childcare standards in public facilities across India. By fostering continuous improvement and holistic child development, MusQan significantly enhances future generations’ health and well-being. [4, 5

The Europe Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) share 21 members, so evaluating the challenges and OPPORTUNITIES in the field of international politics is very important. European Union is a civilian power with economic and social capabilities, and soft security, and its military capabilities in the form of «European Security and Defense Policy» is less important. But NATO in the first look is known as a military and security alliance which is broadly beneath the United States. EU has developed its capabilities and activities in the field of «Common Foreign and Security Policy» (CFSP) and especially «European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)» since the 1990s. Europe Union intends to make cooperation between «European rapid deployment force» and «NATO Rapid Reaction Force» to achieve the required competency and capabilities. Our findings suggest that «European Common defense policy» must define as complementary and not in conflict with NATO. The author attempts to explain the challenges and OPPORTUNITIES exist in the relations between Europe Union and NATO, and evaluating its impacts on Iran's national interests in the region and the world. The method of this paper is library collection and it is developed in a «descriptive- analytical manner. Furthermore, the variety of sources, such as related books, databases and papers, have been used.

With the development of gene editing technology based on CRISPR-Cas, biohacking and body hacking have attracted the attention of biotechnology researchers. Today, the DIY-Biology (Do-it-yourself biology) movement has been formed with the aim of conducting biological experiments with minimal facilities in non-laboratory settings. The simple use of CRISPR in gene editing has made this technology an ideal bioterrorism weapon for biohackers. The relationship between gene editing and biohacking is like the Yin/Yang relationship, whereby by gaining knowledge, you can influence organisms out of the darkness (Yin) and into the light (Yang). Determining the OPPORTUNITIES facing biohackers can provide solutions to deal with them. In this regard, checking antiCRISPRs may be useful. Today, biohackers have become a bio-threat. Therefore, it is necessary to know the solutions to deal with it. While getting to know the available tools to neutralize the threats of hackers, one should also use the opportunity to develop the practical use of these technologies. The present study was conducted by reviewing and interpreting the information obtained from scientific articles and books published since 2000, by checking keywords such as Biohacking, Bodyhacking, Biothreat, and CRISPR on NCBI, Google, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed websites.

Marine medicine is one of the medical fields that deals with the health and safety of people related to the sea. However, it is an isolated profession which, despite its importance, has received less attention and the skills and competencies required are still debated. By searching and gathering information in published papers in this field, three main areas of marine medicine including marine therapeutic applications, diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment and diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations were identified. Therapeutic applications of the sea include the two main areas of thalassotherapy and marine therapeutic products. In addition to the direct use of climate and sea environment in the treatment of diseases, a variety of products obtained from the sea also have unique properties and can be used to treat many diseases. Diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment include animals related issues, scuba diving related issues and toxins related issues. Animal-related illnesses and health problems include marine animals that cause serious injuries, marine animals that cause severe electric shocks, marine animals that are poisonous, and marine animals that have venomous stings. The most important diseases and health problems related to diving include oxygen poisoning, carbon dioxide poisoning, pulmonary barotrauma, barotrauma of the ear and sinuses, and decompression sickness. Toxins-related diseases and health problems include neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, ciguatera fish poisoning, edible crab poisoning and mercury poisoning. Also, diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations include health problems and diseases related to safety, physical and mental health. Therefore, in the marine medicine education, the three main areas of marine medicine and the topics related to each of them should be considered.