Background: About 130 species of genus Anthemis occur throughout the world. Thirty-nine of them could be found in flora of Iran which Anthemis cotula is one of them. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Anthemis cotula L. from Gilan province.Methods: In this study samples were collected from Rudbar in Gilan province on late June 2005. The volatile constituents of leaves and flowers of Anthemis cotula L. were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS.Results: The major constituents of flower oil were n-NONADECANE (10.8%), cedrane (9.2%) and (E, E) - a -farnesene (6%), while the leaf oil contained 1-eicosane (11%), benzyl salicylate (8.9%) and aromadendrene (7.1%.(Conclusion: This study indicated an obvious difference between chemical compositions in flowers and leaves of Anthemis cotula L. with other species of Anthemis. Background: About 130 species of genus Anthemis occur throughout the world. Thirty-nine of them could be found in flora of Iran which Anthemis cotula is one of them. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of leaves and flowers essential oils of Anthemis cotula L. from Gilan province.Methods: In this study samples were collected from Rudbar in Gilan province on late June 2005. The volatile constituents of leaves and flowers of Anthemis cotula L. were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS.Results: The major constituents of flower oil were n-NONADECANE (10.8%), cedrane (9.2%) and (E, E) - a -farnesene (6%), while the leaf oil contained 1-eicosane (11%), benzyl salicylate (8.9%) and aromadendrene (7.1%.(Conclusion: This study indicated an obvious difference between chemical compositions in flowers and leaves of Anthemis cotula L. with other species of Anthemis.

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The yield of the oil was 0.16% (v/w). Among 25 components, eight components, representing 99.98% of the oil, were characterized. NONADECANE (39.73%), heneicosane (32.38%), docosane (7.34%), citronellol (6.14%) and 9- nonadecene (5.69%), were found to be major constituents.

This research was conducted on Rosa damascena Mill. in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Alborz research station during 2012-2013. Treatments included nano chelated iron fertilizer at six levels: (0 (control), two times foliar spray (8g/plant), three times foliar spray (12g/plant), one time soil application (8g/plant), one time soil application (12 g/plant). The first foliar spray was done at blossoming stage. The second and third applications were 10 and 20 days after blossoming. Soil application was at blossoming stage accompanied by irrigation. The essential oil of samples was extracted by Clevenger and water distillation method for three hours. GC and GC/MS were used to determine the percentage and essential oil compounds of fresh flowers. According to the results of variance analysis, significant differences were found for the essential oil percentage, citronellol, icosane, octadecanol, Henicosane, Tricosane, Tetrosane, geraniol, and Tridane (p<0.01). Mean comparison of treatments indicated that the essential oil percentage of fresh flowers by threetimes foliar spray (0.071%) was more than that of one time foliar spray (0.061%) and one time soil application (12 g/plant) (0.051%) and other treatments. The highest Citronellol was obtained in one-time foliar spray (1.17%) and the lowest in control treatment (0.36%). In addition, the highest tricosane (33.77%) was obtained from the use of 12g chelated iron in soil. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between essential oil percentage of fresh flower and essential oil stability at refrigerator as well as dried flower at shadow. A significant negative correlation was also found between citronellol and ecosane. Results indicated that fertilizers could affect the percentage and compounds of essential oil in Rosa damascene.

In this research, essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation method but with different apparatus of distillation from Rosa damascena Mill. The oil obtained at different yields for example for Clevenger (0.008%), Miquel (0.014%), A.O.AC. (0.012%) and two plans designed in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands by authors which were named plan-l (0.015%) and plan-2 (0.023%). Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oil by Clevenger were geraniol (26.7%), n-NONADECANE (21.3%), citronellol (12.5%) and n-henicosane (12.0%); by Miquel were geraniol (32.9%), citronellol (19.0%), n-NONADECANE (10.6%); by A.O.A.C. were n-NONADECANE (28.5%), geraniol (22.6%), n-henicosane (10.6%) and citronellol (10.2%) in plan -1 were n-NONADECANE (21.3%), geraniol( 21.8%), citronellol (12%) and in plan-2 were n-NONADECANE (21.8%), geraniol (19.1 %) and citronellol (15%), respectively. By comparison of the results from different apparatus of hydro-distillation, it can be concluded that the best plan for obtaining essential oil from Rosa damascena Mill., were plan-2 and Miquel.

Rosa damascena Mill. from rosaceae family is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and its essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. In this study, essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method. Nine genotypes samples from Isfahan province collected and cultivated in experiment field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in Kamoo (with for samples) were phenylethyl alcohol (8.5 - 20.3%), citronellol (15.5 - 21.2%), geraniol (5.6 - 20.3%) and n- NONADECANE (18.7 - 27.9%) and in Ghahrood (with one sample) were phenylethyl alcohol (15.2%), citronellol (12.8%), geraniol (12.7%) and n- NONADECANE (25.5%) and in Ghamsar (with two samples) were phenylethyl alcohol (7.1 - 17.5%), citronellol( 99.5 - 17.7%), geraniol (6 - 13.3%) and n- NONADECANE (25.5- 31%)and in Mashhad Ardehal (withtwo samples) were phenylethylalcohol(4.5- 10.3%), citronellol (13.9- 20.7%), geraniol (10.9- 18.4%) and n- NONADECANE(23.6 - 25.5%).

Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes (6A and 188B) collected from Kashan (Ghamsar) and west Azarbaiejan (Oskoo), respectively and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in Ghamsar sample were n-NONADECANE (25.5%), citronellol (17.7%) and geraniol (13.3 %) and for Oskoo sample were citronellol (27%), geraniol (18%) and n- NONADECANE (14.2%). An appropriate was therefore genotype identified with high percent of major essential components, from Oskoo, despite cultivation in a different envirment from its geographical origin.

Background: The family Rosaceae, include some large genus, eg; the genus Rose includes 200 species and 18000 cultivars.Objective: Aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the hydrodistilled oil of the leaves of Sanguisorba minor scop, of Iranian origin for the first time. Methods: The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of Sanguisorba minor was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: The major constituents appeared to be (E, E) farnesyl acetate (13.4%), NONADECANE (11.2%) and docosane (11.0%).Conclusion: In Sanguisorba minor we identified 17 components representing 93.2%. It’s rich in regard to aliphatic hydrocarbons (40.6%), five sesquiterpenes (36.8%), one oxygenated monoterpene (7.3%) and one aliphatic aldehyde (8.3%).

Background: Rosa damascena Mill. is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants mountainous areas Kashan. This plant have different genotypes that they are very various in size and colour of flowers, number of petals, amount of essential oil and components.Objective: Extraction and determine of essential oil combination of three genotypes from Rose of Kashan area.Methods: The flowers of these three genophytes fully double link, white and yellow was collected from mountainous areas Kashan. The essential oil, by hydrodistillation using an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus. The analyses of the oils were performed by using GC and GC-MS methods.Results: Yields of essential oil of fully double link genotype was 0.025% (v/w) and 39 components was identification. The major components of this genotype were citronelool (%34.7), NONADECANE (%14.5) and heneicosane (%10.3). A yield of the essential oil of white genotype was 0.035% (v/w) and 21 components was identification, that major components were found as citronellol (%53.61), NONADECANE (%17.75) and geraniol (%12.59). A yield of the essential oil of yellow genotype was 0.7% (v/w) and 29 components was identification, that major components were found as heneicosane (%32), NONADECANE (%30) and 9-nonadecene (%10.5).Conclusion: Monoterpene citronelool was more than 30-50% from essential oil of genotypes fully double link and white, but this component wasn’t in yellow genotype. On the other hand, heavy hydrocarbon component was more than 50% of essential oils component of yellow genotype, but amount of this component was 17% in fully double link and white genotypes.

Food preservation is an action or a method of maintaining foods at a desired level of properties or nature for their maximum benefits. In general, each step of handling, processing, storage, and distribution affects the characteristics of food, which may be desirable or undesirable. Thus, understanding the effects of each preservation method and handling procedure on foods is critical in food processing. In this study, the essential oil composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of Rosa damascena Mill. under Kashan (Isfahan province, Iran) were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 19 compounds with the major constituents including NONADECANE (44. 74%), 9-NONADECANE (16. 91%), Eicosane (10. 40%) and Heptadecane (6. 17%). Antioxidant activity was examined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The results showed good free radical scavenging capacity and IC50 value (the concentration of inhibitor) of the essential oil was 3. 91± 0. 4 µ L/mL. The disc diffusion method was employed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured, by using the wells in which no growth was observed. The essential oil of the Rosa damascena Mill. exhibited antibacterial capacity against staphylococcus aureus 250, and for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi with the MIC and MBC for staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi 500 and 1000 µ L/mL, respectively. The obtained Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil is a promising source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for foods and cosmetics applications.