Earthquakes can make lots of disruptions in activities of a country. It can fail traffic system by disrupting communication system, disconnection of the supply chain of materials and emergency services. It also can make serious obstacles to safety of earthquake victims. This dangerous situation is because of narrow streets, constructing high-rise buildings in old urban segments, wrong positioning of tall building, constructing building in the seismic belts and path of the Qanats in Tehran. Thus, these factors increase congestion in large cities, damages and casualties because of earthquakes. The aim of this study is to assess the vulnerability of communication network in the urban area due to different seismic intensity. For this reason, ten effective criteria were selected and applied in ANP models within the fuzzy language. Then, selected GIS layer were combined for pre-disaster stage. In next session, forecasting model was implemented for different intensity as 6, 7, 8 modified MERCALLI scale as a pre-disaster vulnerability plan. The results of study show that the vulnerability of pedestrian network in district 3 for 6 MERCALLI is around low and very low for 53 percentages of the area while the highest vulnerability was assigned to Seyed Khandan and North-Kavoosiyeh with 64%. In the scenario with intensity of & MERCALLI 53% of pathways were suffered from high vulnerability. In the scenario with 8 MERCALLI, the vulnerability of pathways in two states of high and full-destruction had been ascending trend. Around 80% of pathways are in these to states. The highest vulnerabilities were assigned to district number 6, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 4 according to their rates.

Nowadays, the city’s vulnerability to earthquakes is world’s major problem that is expert’s concern in various fields. Technical and historical studies of earthquake in Iran shows that devastating earthquakes along the Dorouneh fault, in many cases leads to deterioration and death of hundreds and sometimes thousands of people.Bardaskan, due to the presence of several active faults around and within it, is in a high risk of earthquakes. The purpose of this study is to determine the vulnerability of urban elements, using models and methods in reducing the vulnerability of this city against earthquake. To reach this purpose, 16 physical and spatial factors affecting the vulnerability of urban space were identified at the global level then using location data, structural elements description, building behavior data, and determining the impact of each criteria in vulnerability level, an appropriate estimation of city’s vulnerability to earthquake were presented in the framework of integrated and planning models such as fuzzy and Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process. We also discussed building damage modeling and micro-zoning against earthquake by presenting earthquake scenarios at different intensities. The results of this study show that by moving from the south to the north of Bardaskan, the vulnerability of the building’s block are increased. Earthquake scenarios modeling in the intensity of 6 and 8 MERCALLI shows the vulnerability of the building were based on the 3, 1, 6, 5, 4 and 2 section respectively. The main reasons for this state are locating near the fault, peak ground acceleration, high density and low quality of building construction and building materials.

Iran's rapid urbanization and urban growth limits, leading to the formation of urban poor communities that adequate preparedness and resilience to crisis and disaster risk are not. High population density, compactness and physical exhaustion, the possibility of damages in these areas has increased. Due to the earthquake-prone region of Khuzestan, The aim of this study was to prioritize the improvement of Sabbaghan residential neighborhood of Bandar Imam Khomeini, against possible earthquakes. To achieve this goal with Fuzzy AHP and GIS models to the design of earthquake scenarios were discussed at different intensities. It is an applied research and analytic. Documents and field data type is used. The results show that the design of the possible scenario earthquake intensity of 6 MERCALLI, residential units located in the foothills of the vulnerability of very low, low, medium, high and ranked 1 to 5 were completely destroyed and, respectively, 103, 48, 276, 497 and 752 units are residential. In Scenario Earthquake 7 MERCALLI, ranked 1 to 5, respectively, 9, 67, 182, 362 and 1056 which implies upside of the housing units in the settlements vulnerable to destruction is complete. In this study, prioritize rehabilitation of housing units based on the vulnerability of housing units have been The vulnerability is more residential units are given a higher priority to sanitation and vice versa.

Urban Resilience is a relatively new concept in urban studies and urban planning and urban planning plays a crucial role in the formation flexible cities. Strategic planning for these activities should be subject to adapt to the urban physical. A study with application – development nature and analytical approach to the issue is addressed in Ilam. Because the seismic predictions based on statistical methods can give satisfactory results; This research uses quantitative models, COPRAS and md, software GRAFER, MINITAB, VISIO, Excel and SPSS to examine the issue. The results of the 5 on the Richter scale model based on an average of the separate areas of 14 districts were ranked. In other words, the social damage - physical in the earthquake of 5 MERCALLI using variable weight combination in the areas Finally, the resilience was determined in Ilam. COPRAS model based on the mean of resilience in against 65 percent.

Institutions and organizations active in disaster reduction activities have been more focused on achieving a disaster resilient community. In the meantime, because of the extensive abnormalities of social, earthquakes are a high priority in efforts to strengthen the resilience of communities against natural disasters. So in order to prevent further loss and damage needs to be studied in different sizes. A study the development -applications and a descriptive - analytical method the issue is using quantitative models COPRAS and estimate of vulnerability the discussed in Ilam city. The results show resilience in Ilam city central tendency between (0-1) equal to 0.9 per cent and next stage is shown 0.8 percent, near the average urban resilience (686.0) and confirm lack of resilience areas that have been shown below the average. Finally, the resilience in Ilam city the tendency of concentrate low to high, then your cause is close to the average and then need to front. The results also social damage - physical in the earthquake of 5 MERCALLI COPRAS determined using the weighted variables in the model and Resiliency in Ilam city, was just zoning. It should be noted COPRAS based on the mean of resilience in Equal to 65 percent.

The primary objective of the current study is to develop a strategic framework for assessing the capacity of physical resilience. To achieve this, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed. In the qualitative phase, indicators were identified through a thorough literature review, while in the quantitative phase, these indicators were categorized based on their significance using structural interpretation equations. The relative weight of each index was then determined through network analysis. The research findings classify thirteen key indicators into three priority groups. Notably, indicators such as "the ratio of the nearest neighbor," "the degree of straightness of the pedestrian path," "the ratio of the dominant strength of the skeleton of the buildings in each block," and "the ratio of the average area of the block to the length of the block" belong to the first priority group. The index "soil type ratio (at a depth of 30-40 cm) to the volume envelope size of the block" falls into the second priority group, while the remaining indicators are in the third priority group. The study focused on two neighborhoods, Bazar and Harandi in the district 12 of Tehran, and the results indicate that both neighborhoods have very low resilience levels (85.93% for Bazar and 79.36% for Harandi) in the face of a MERCALLI 6 earthquake. Finally, the study proposes policies based on indicators with the highest relative weight, aiming to provide city decision-makers with valuable insights for crisis management preparedness.

The occurrence of any earthquakes, small or large, in the country may draw the attention of authoritThe occurrence of any earthquakes, small or large, in the country may draw the attention of authorities to the extent of Tehran’ s vulnerability for a while. More than three million people living in Tehran suffer from unstable housing. On the one side, Tehran is located between three active faults that earthquakes on a high MERCALLI intensity scale would seriously threaten the shelters and lives of citizens. The crisis caused by high population density and poor crisis management may lead to a severe catastrophe. On the other side, based on Iran’ s Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture definition of urban deteriorated areas characterized by fineness modulus, instability, and impermeability, about 80% of unstable zones (areas) have been ignored. Furthermore, in such areas the peoples’ lives have been threatened severely living less chance for life-saving plans. However, regarding the priority of the peoples’ “ life” issue, rescuing peoples’ life should not be ignored for the sake of other design attributes. Therefore, the municipality and central government must seek a realistic solution to rescue residents of urban deteriorate areas in Tehran. The present study introduces the concept of “ neighborhood secure focal point” as activation for renovating urban deteriorated areas and focuses on removing initial obstacles to modernization (the need to provide parking), and the emergency of incentives management (granting density, increased building area, and downsizing) as the major drivers. This study argues that any intervention for urban deteriorated areas renovation should offer improved quality of social life, developed participation, and a prosperous urban economy by tracing urban management solutions, in addition to taking account of economic benefits for owners.

Introduction: The rapidity of urbanization, especially in developing countries, has led to the fact that half of the world’ s population is currently settled in urban areas. Most of these areas with high population density are vulnerable to crises (Shelter Center, 2010: xiv). The fact is that the increase in the concentration of physical capital, infrastructure and economic activities in the cities has led to the increase in adverse effects of natural disasters (Tangri et al., 2008: 30; Lall and Deichmann, 2012). Meanwhile, it has long been argued that the earthquake, as one of the most catastrophic and devastating types of natural hazards, especially in developing countries (Dong & Shan, 2013: 85)has caused lots of damages to the properties and assets in urban areas and around them, through the destruction of urban buildings and infrastructure, (Min et al, 2010). Like other developing countries, Iran has experienced a high level of urbanization that has completely changed the physical structure of urban areas (Soltani et al., 2011: 6644), so that by 2015, the urban population of the country has been 74. 3 percent, which is estimated to reach 91. 5 in 2050 (Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific, 2015). Increasing urbanization in the cities of the country along with unplanned development is one of the factors that boost the possibility of increasing casualties and damagesdue to the occurrence of natural disasters in the cities of the country (Pourmusavi, 1391: 40) and leads to the loss of resources and achievements whose reestablishment will take many years (Patterson et al, 2010: 128). Materials & Methods: The present research is of applied type with descriptive-analytical method. Thestatistical population is the buildings of district 9 of Tehran municipality. Tocomplete the library informationin order to understand the status quo, the studies and deductions of the Information Technology and Communication Organization of Tehran Municipality updated in 2015 were used. The indices used in the research have been weighted based on the experts’ opinions using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), and the obtained results have been applied on the layers under study in the GIS environment and the map of each layer has been prepared in the Geographic Information System. Finally, the general vulnerability map of the region was extracted through the integration of the layers under study (overlay). The opinions of the experts are determinant in evaluating thevulnerability of the city, butin this research, in order to reach a precise evaluation, along with the preparation of the map based on the experts’ opinions, the vulnerability scenario has been developed at different intensities, thereby to standardize the data, and to analyze the layers and criteria, the fuzzy model andthe linear threshold function have been used, respectively. The results have been categorized into 5 vulnerability groups of very low, low, medium, high and very high, and the percentage of each group has been calculated. Tools used in the research are SUPER DECISION and GIS. Results & Discussion: The present research was carried out aiming at vulnerability evaluation of urban buildings in district 9 of Tehran municipality to various intensities of earthquake, thus, in this research, the vulnerability rate of urban buildings to various earthquake intensities was measured using ten indices (type of material, type of view, building density, age of the building, number of floors, ground area of buildings, compatibility of neighboring uses, distance from fault, geological formations and the width of passages)along with the required sub criteria. To design the earthquake scenarios at different intensities, the first step was to accomplish stratification for each of the main criteria and sub criteria using the weights obtained from the ANP in the Arc GIS environment, then, the general vulnerability map of the region was prepared by overlaying the layers. Finally, the earthquake scenarios at different intensities were designed by fuzzification of the map. Conclusion: In order to determine the seismicity potential of the study area which is part of the primary and very important stepsin the process of the determination of vulnerability levels of various regions to earthquake, the preparation of the major faults’ map of the region, the preparation of the earthquakes epicenter map, the determination of the intensity and magnitude of earthquakes, the estimation of the features of earthquakes that are likely to occur by the significant faults of the study area were placed on the agenda. For this purpose, in order to evaluate the vulnerability of earthquake hazard, 10 indices were investigated as the effective factors on the vulnerability of urban buildings which have been selected based on the indices of previous studies. These indices (type of material, type of view, building density, age of the building, number of floors, ground area of buildings, compatibility of neighboring uses, distance from fault, geological formations and the width of passages) were analyzed using the ANP calculation method whichhad beenscored by the experts, and the weight of criteriawas applied to the effective layers of the vulnerability, and finally, the general vulnerability map was extracted by integrating the layers in the GIS environment. In order to evaluate the vulnerability rate of urban buildings, the data obtained from the ANP model was fuzzified, and the earthquake scenarios were ultimately designed based on the seismicity potential of Tehran faults and were applied on the general vulnerability map of the study area. The results of the research indicate that in an earthquake with a modified intensity of 6 MERCALLI, the vulnerability rate of urban buildings in the vulnerability ranges of very low, low, medium, high and very high are 26%, 56%, 17%, 1% and 0%, respectively and the damaged buildings in the districts 1 and 2 are in the vulnerability ranges of very low (28% & 24%), low (53% & 59%), medium (18% & 16%), high (1% & 1%) and very high (0%). In an earthquake with a modified intensity of 7MERCALLI, the vulnerability rate of urban buildings in the vulnerability ranges of very low, low, medium, high and very high are 21%, 10%, 52%, 16% and 1%, respectively, and the damaged buildings in the districts 1 and 2 are in the vulnerability ranges of very low (23% & 18%), low (11% & 9%), medium (48% & 56%), high (17% & 16%) and very high (1% & 1%). In an earthquake with modified intensity of 8MERCALLI, the vulnerability rate of urban buildings in the vulnerability ranges of very low, low, medium, high and very high are 7%, 4%, 10%, 61% and 18%, respectively.